论中国近代高等教育领域的中西方文化融合

晚清之际，西学强势逼近，我国近代高等教育伴随着国家近代化的步伐缓缓展开。本文以我国高等教育为出发点，考察在近代中国特殊的历史环境中的从无到有的发展进程，以教育这一特殊视角审视东西方文化的冲撞、摩擦，乃至互补优劣，相互取舍，探讨近现代史上高等教育领域内的文化融合，分析文化选择的模式。从历史的角度出发，不同阶段、不同阶层的仁人志士为应对社会发展危机、解决社会问题提出不同和观点，可归为三类：文化保守主义、文化虚无主义和文化折衷主义。不同观点在特定历史阶段有其存在的合理性，但也存在无法回避的缺陷。中国传统文化与欧美大学模式无法轻易相融共生，中西方大学历年的整合仍是一项未竟的事业。以史为鉴，从具体国情出发，结合时代特点，本文提出应该在扬弃自身传统文化的同时保持容海纳百川的风范，以更理性的姿态周旋于世界，振兴高等教育，最终实现中华民族的伟大复兴。
关键词：中国近代高等教育；教育模式；文化融合：
On the Fusion of Chinese and Western Culture in the Chinese Modern Higher Education

Abstract: In the late Qing dynasty, the western culture disseminated itself in China by arms, and Chinese modern higher education developed slowly with the pace of the national modernization. Based on the higher education in our country , we could study the fusion and clash between eastern and western cultures in the field of higher education. To solve those social problems, people from different stages and different classes put forward widely different ideas about them, which could be concluded as nihilism, conservatism and eclecticism. In fact, we can say that each of them has its own answer to the question—how should we deal with relationship between eastern and western culture. Chinese traditional culture cannot coexist easily with the globally
dominant European-American university mode, and it is an unfinished business of integrating Chinese and western ideas of a university. In order to achieve the victory in the field of higher education, we should discard the false and remain the true in the traditional culture and absorb others’ advantages in the world with a rational attitude.
Keywords: Chinese modern higher education; Education model; Culture fusion;

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