汉英委婉语的对比分析

委婉语是一种语言现象也是一种文化现象。委婉语作为语言工具反应了一定的社会和名族特点。从某种意义上来看，准确得当的运用委婉语,不仅体现了一个人的受教育程度及素养，而且能使人际间的交往变得更为顺畅和谐。在合适的地点和时间使用委婉语是一种交谈策略。在21世纪，委婉语正在不断的发展来迎合这种心理需求。委婉语作为一种沟通媒介和修辞学策略使用范围正在不断扩大虽然一些委婉语受到跨文化交际的影响正在消失。一些学者认为我们应该无理由使用委婉语因为它可以避免一些冲突，尤其是政治上的。本文试图通过对英汉委婉语的使用分析来探测中西方国家的文化。通过对委婉语的对比分析将帮助使用者更好地了解其他国家的道德观、社会价值观和传统习惯。
本文首先阐述了委婉语的定义、分类和委婉语与禁忌语的区别，接着介绍了委婉语产生的原因和构成原则。然后对英汉委婉语进行了对比研究，重点描述从中西方委婉语的使用来揭示其背后的中西方等级观念、道德价值观、宗教观的差异。本文的最后探索了委婉语的发展趋势及其在跨文化交际中的交际功能和应用策略。研究表明，中西方文化差异使英汉委婉语呈现出许多不同之处。通过对这些不同之处的学习可以帮助我们透过语言现象，了解其背后深远的文化意涵，从而加深对英汉两种语言和文化的理解，提高跨文化交际能力。

关键词: 跨文化交际;文化差异; 委婉语

The Comparison of Euphemism Between Chinese and English
Abstract: Euphemism is a linguistic phenomenon, but also a cultural phenomenon. As a language tool, it reflects the characteristics of a society or a nation. In a sense, using euphemism in right way can reflect a person’s good education background and make the interpersonal communication more smoothly. Using euphemism is speaker’s active pragmatic strategy in a certain time and a certain situation. In the 21st century, euphemism emerges ceaselessly just right for meeting this psychological need. As a common communication medium and a rhetoric method, euphemism will be used more and more widely although some kinds of euphemism are disappearing. Some scholars hold the opinion that it is unreasonable to use euphemism because they have the nature of deceit, especially in politics and government. This thesis tries to carry out the comparative studies of euphemism in English and Chinese, which would contribute greatly to our exploration of culture cognitive models in English and Chinese nations. As comparative study on euphemism is helpful for Chinese and people of English who want each other know more about another, including their views on morality, social values, customs and the like.
In this study, it begins by describing the concept, classifications of euphemism. The second part introduces the reasons of the euphemism. Then it makes a contrastive study of English and Chinese euphemisms as well as analysis of the adaptability of euphemism. Finally, misunderstandings caused by euphemism and how to use the euphemism in intercultural Communication. And through the study of these differences, we will be able to understand the far-reaching cultural implications behind euphemisms, deepen our understanding of English and Chinese languages and cultures, and improve our cross-cultural communicative competence.

Keywords: cross-cultural communication; cultural differences; euphemism

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