浅论汉英思维方式的差异对语言表达的影响

目前，许多学者都在研究思维方式与语言表达的辨证关系。其中包括美国的社会语言学家Hymes与中国的语言学教授连淑能先生。Hymes指出多数交际能力直接与文化相关(Hymes, 1971)。而连教授认为思维方式位于文化的最深处(Lian Shuneng, 1993)。因此，思维方式与交际、尤其与交际的工具——语言，密切相连。思维方式体现在民族文化的多个方面，同时也是语言多样化的主要与重要原因。不同的地理位置以及社会背景、思维方式的不尽相同，产生了思维方式的差异。这种思维方式的差异必定影响着跨文化之间的交际。如果我们不了解文化与思维方式的差异，我们可能会因为文化的误读造成文化理解的障碍，继而影响该文体的载体-语言的学习。所以，我们有必要研究思维方式的差异以避免由于文化的障碍而犯错误。本文作者纳大家之言而试论自己的一管之见，在文中就分析思维方式的差异入手，探求其在语言表达中所产生的影响以及英语学习者所遇到的相关困惑，并提出一定的学习建议。希望能与其他英语学习者分享一些学习与了解目标语言的经验和心得，进而达到减少误解与促进跨文化交际的目的。

关键词：思维方式， 思维方式差异， 语言表达， 跨文化交际， 误解与困惑
Abstract
Nowadays, many scholars are studying the discriminative relations between thinking patterns and language expressions. Two of them are the American social-linguist Hymes and the Chinese linguist Lian Shuneng. Hymes points out that most of the intercommunicating capabilities are directly related to culture (Hymes, 1971) while professor Lian reckons that thinking patterns lie in the deepest of culture (Lian Shuneng, 1993). Thus, thinking patterns have a close relationship with the intercommunicating capabilities, especially with the tool of the intercommunication----language. Thinking patterns are embodied in various areas of folk cultures and are the chief and important reason that causes language diversities. Owing to different geographical locations and social backgrounds, thinking patterns vary respectively, which we regard as thought discrepancies. Thought discrepancies influence our cross-cultural intercommunication. If we don’t know the differences between cultures and thinking patterns, we may make many errors caused by misunderstandings and cultural barriers. Therefore, it is necessary for us to make a study of thought discrepancies of different peoples. In this essay, the writer will discuss the influences caused by thought discrepancies over language expressions and the difficulties faced by English learners and will put forward some suggestions to avoid errors caused by cultural misunderstanding in order to exchange experiences with other English learners in understanding and learning the target languages. Besides that, the writer also hopes to reduce misapprehensions as well as to enhance cross-cultural intercommunications.

Key words: thinking patterns (TP)，thought discrepancies， language expressions，cross-cultural communication，misunderstandings and confusions

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