浅谈就业弱势群体的困境与出路
就业是民生之本，就业问题与失业问题在世界上任何国家和地区都普遍存在。就业问题不仅是社会中存在的重要经济问题，同是也是一个十分敏感而又热门的社会问题，因为它直接关系到社会的稳定和经济的发展。现阶段的中国，正处在一个以市场化经济体制改革为直接动力的全面而深刻的社会经济转型期，它表现为一系列的制度变迁过程，同时又是一个社会资源重新配置、社会利益结构重新调整的过程。随着这一过程的转变，我国的就业政策也由以往计划经济条件下的"充分就业"政策逐渐被"有效就业"政策所取代，并随之出现了当今社会上一种新的群体——“就业弱势群体”，这一群体并日益引起全社会的高度关注。
用最通俗的语言来说，就业弱势群体就是指在就业劳动力市场上的弱势群体。由于他们自己个人原因和社会的一些因素，致使他们在当今社会变革中无法达到就业的目的。本文着重从就业弱势群体就业的艰难性、收入的风险性以及生活的低层次性等六个方面分析了这部分群体所面临的困境，阐述了他们的未就业直接给社会造成劳动力资源的浪费、收入差距的过大以及影响社会的稳定等危害。这一特殊群体的就业问题成为全民性的问题，因此，须通过国家的立法和制度以及政策上的扶助，充分发挥社区服务和非正式网络的扶助作用，提升就业弱势群体就业的数量和质量，才能逐步解决就业弱势群体的社会问题，体现社会的公正原则，维护社会的稳定，化解政治风险，促进社会的繁荣经发展。
关键词：就业弱势群体；失业；再就业
Abstract
The employment is a people's livelihood of originally.Employment problem and unemployed problem all widespreadly exist in the world at any nation and regions.China in present stage is being placed in a with the market turn an economic system reform for direct power of overall and deep of the social economy transformation expect, it expresses for a series of the system change process, at the same time again is a social resource relocation, social benefits structure to re- adjust of process.Along with the change of this process, our country of employment policy also from formely under the planned economy condition of"is full to work" the policy is gradually replaced by "effective employment" policy, and immediately appeared nowadays a society a kind of new community-"employment minority community", this group body combine cause the deep concern of the whole societieses day by day.
Says with the most popular language, the employment minority community is the minority community that points in working labor market.Because themselves personal reason and social of some factors, cause nowadays them are social change in can not attain the purpose of the employment.At face social labor force supply and demand structure the disequalibrium and labor market competition turn worse and labor market not perfect etc. works predicament but change of more difficulties, need to depend on our societies and government to carry out an aggressive employment policy, all-directions help this special crowd to work again, support a social stability, and promote the prosperity development of social economy.
Key Words：employment of vulnerable groups ；Unemployed ；Re-employment
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