文化背景知识对英文阅读理解的影响

文化背景知识对英语阅读理解的影响历来是语言学家及教育工作者研究的重点。文化差异所带来外族文化缺失在很长一段时间内曾被人们所忽视。在研究中我们发现不少英语学习者，掌握了足够的语言知识(词汇和语法)和阅读技巧，但由于跨文化意识淡薄，缺少阅读材料所涉及的文化背景知识，对文章所表达的意思理解偏差或失误。这种现象严重阻碍了有效成功的书面交流，很大程度上降低了学习者的阅读能力。要解决这一问题，就必须分析文化背景知识的导入在英语阅读过程中的重要性和必要性。
本论文通过使用不同方法从不同角度分析文化背景知识在英文阅读理解过程中的重要性，了解语言与文化之间微妙而有意义的关系，重点介绍了文化背景差异及阅读过程中的图式理论，并分析了中国学生跨文化碰撞的实例，文化背景知识的获得偏重于以下几个方面：传统意识、社会文化、自然地理、社会历史、风俗习惯、价值观念、标准与忌讳、日常生活等。从而分析文化背景知识缺乏造成的阅读理解失误的原因，找到解决途径，帮助英语学习者深入了解目的语国家的文化，提高英语阅读能力，使英语学习事半功倍。

关键词: 文化背景知识；  文化差异；  图示理论；  阅读理解 
Abstract

The influence of culture background knowledge on reading comprehension has always been the focus of English linguists and educators. The lack of foreign culture caused by culture difference had been ignored for a long time. In the study, lots of English learners who master sufficient language knowledge (vocabulary and grammar) and reading skills, due to poor cross-cultural awareness and the lack of the cultural background knowledge about reading materials can't understand the meaning expressed in the text exactly and completely. This phenomenon seriously hindered the effective written communication, and greatly lowered the learners' reading levels. To solve this problem, we must analyze the importance and necessity of cultural background knowledge in English reading comprehension.
By using different ways from different angles, the paper analyzes the plight of English reading comprehension, understanding the subtle and meaningful relationship between the language and culture. Meanwhile, by the analysis of the schema theory in the reading process, the paper explains the importance of culture background knowledge on English reading comprehension. The acquisition of cultural background knowledge places emphasis on the following aspects: traditional sense, social culture, geography condition, social history, manners and customs, the values, standards and taboos, daily life, and personal communication and so on. According to these aspects, It analyzes the reasons for understanding mistakes due to the lack of cultural background knowledge in English reading comprehension, to find methods to make the national language learners know more about the culture background knowledge of target-language countries, so as to improve English reading abilities of the learners.

Key Words: Culture Background Knowledge;  Culture Difference;   Schema Theory;  Reading Comprehension

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