论电影画面构图的多样性
电影作为一种艺术形式，与其他艺术最大的区别就在于电影的画面，电影的画面也是能够最直观地表述电影内容的元素，早期无声电影时代，电影全靠其画面来进行表达。电影通过其画面可以表现出它独特的语言性，用来讲述故事和传达思想，同时电影画面也是一种全世界都能够看得懂的通用语言。由此可见电影画面对于电影的整体结构与风格起着决定性的作用。由于摄影机镜头的限制，电影画面的表现如同绘画和舞台剧一样，观众只能够看到大银幕以内的内容，电影的画面也同样存在着如何构图的问题。而电影的画面又是时刻变化的，所以电影的画面构图除了与绘画一样要考虑画面内元素所处的位置以外，还要考虑画面以外的动态因素，要与电影的剧情走向、音乐和整体风格等等相互呼应。一部电影往往是由许多镜头组成，每个镜头的构图表现也多种多样，这就使得每一部电影画面构图的方式千变万化。电影的构图是研究电影画面的基础，电影构图效果的好坏也直接影响着该影片的效果呈现与风格的体现，同时也是考验导演场面调度能力的重要方式。本文将一些具有代表性的电影画面的构图进行分析，通过举例来说明电影构图以多种表现方式存在。
关键词：电影；电影画面；构图；多样性
The diversity of the composition of pictures in movies
Abstract
As a form of art, movie is different from other forms of art, which has motion pictures. As shown on a screen, motion pictures create the illusion of moving images directly. In the years of silent films, films were all about motion pictures and muted gestures. Motion pictures are used as a special language to tell stories or show the ideas, which is the language that is understood by the whole world. Therefore, the quality of motion pictures plays an significant role in movies and it has an important impact on the film structure and the movie type. Because of the limits of cameras, motion pictures in a film are like live theater plays, which can show the audiences the stories. How to create an illusion is an issue of the motion pictures in a film, which is the same as a live theater play. Motion pictures in a film always change, which is the reason why position and location should be considered as significant elements, as well as other elements besides the images that have to go with the story, the music, and the whole style of the movie. A film has so many shots. Each shot makes a movie become variety and changeable. Creating illusions of a film is the basic skill of making a movie. The qualities of the images have direct impacts on the effects and the style of the movies, which is an evaluation of a director’s abilities. Some analyses of the illusions of motion pictures will be made by some examples to show that motion pictures have varieties of forms.
Keywords： movie；pictures；composition of pictures；diversity
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