从《紫色》中的书信体叙事方式分析艾丽丝•沃克的妇女主义

美国第二次女权运动兴起和发展于二十世纪六十年代，在其影响下，二十世纪七十年代以来，美国黑人文学呈现出前所未有的新局面，美国黑人女性作家更是异军突起，艾丽丝•沃克就是其中最具影响力的黑人女性作家之一。
艾丽丝•沃克作为美国文坛史上最重要的黑人女性作家之一，其作品大多描写黑人女性在白人及黑人男性的双重压迫下的悲惨命运，沃克通过对黑人女性苦难经历的描写，讲述她们对于平等、自由和人权的向往及其追求的过程。《紫色》为艾丽丝•沃克赢得了美国普利策奖和全国图书奖，这部长篇小说以其独特的书信体叙事方式真实的再现了二十世纪三十年代黑人女性的悲惨生活，强烈表达了沃克的妇女主义思想。
本文通过对《紫色》中全部书信的信头、内容、署名等的对比分析，解释了什么是书信体叙事以及书信体叙事的应用在《紫色》中的表达作用，更深层次的表现了女主人公西丽的四个阶段性变化，以此来阐述艾丽丝•沃克的妇女主义思想及其在《紫色》中的反映。

关键词：  黑人女性；  妇女主义；  书信体叙事 
Abstract

The second feminist movement of America spread in the 1960s. And under its influences, African-American literature has taken on a new look since 1970s. Among them, African-American women writers are emerging rapidly as a new force, and Alice Walker is one of the most influential African-American women writers.
As one of the most important African-American women writers in the history of American literature, her novels mostly describe the tragic fate of the dual oppressed by the white people and black men, by the description of black women’s ordeal. Walker represents their yearning of the equality, freedom and human rights and the process of their pursuit of it. The Color Purple won Alice Walker Pulitzer Prize and American Book Award. This long-gestating novel used the unique epistolary narration form to reproduce black women’s miserable life and to express Walker’s womanism strongly.
The thesis aims at exploring the contrastive analysis of the heading, content, signature of all the letters in The Color Purple, to explain what is epistolary narration and the function in expressions of its application, and to show the changes of four phases to the heroine Celie deeply, through all analysis of this, the thesis would expound Alice Walker’s womanism and its reflection in The Color Purple.   

Key Words:  Black Women;  Womanism;  Epistolary Narration

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