《黑猫》的叙事特点分析

埃德加•爱伦•坡是美国著名短篇小说家，他的短篇小说写作技巧为许多学者所广泛认可。他的作品主要在于探索主人公的内心世界，通常描述主人公生动而细致的心理活动。值得一提的是，他的作品有着浓烈的哥特色彩，是恐怖与美丽， 理智与疯狂的结合体。而《黑猫》就是一部典型的哥特式小说。
本文主要从5个部分分析《黑猫》的叙事特色，分别为：
第一部分，引言。主要对爱伦•坡及其作品风格进行简要的介绍；《黑猫》的研究背景及意义。第二部分，《黑猫》的叙事视角分析。这部分主要解析《黑猫》中的第一人称叙述、第一人称回顾性叙述以及《黑猫》的视角转换，帮助读者更好地理解《黑猫》独特的叙事策略。第三部分，《黑猫》的不可靠叙述分析。这部分解析了几个重要的概念，真实作者，叙述者和隐含作者，也对三者之间的关系进行的分析；分析《黑猫》怎样通过第一人称叙述的应用、叙述者与隐含作者的分离、讽刺与夸张手法的运用来增加叙述的不可靠性。第四部分，《黑猫》的人物思想表达方式分析。这部分主要分析自由直接思想及自由间接思想在《黑猫》中的体现，帮助读者更深层次地探索和了解主人公的内心世界。第五部分，总结。对于本篇论文作最后的总结。

关键词： 埃德加•爱伦•坡，黑猫，聚焦，不可靠叙述，人物思想表达方式
An Analysis of the Narrative Strategies of The Black Cat

Abstract: Edgar Allan Poe is a famous American writer of short stories and his writing techniques of short stories have been widely recognized by many scholars. His works are mainly about exploring the protagonist’s inner world and his works usually describe the vivid and exquisite psychological and emotional activities of the protagonists. What have to be mentioned is that his works have a strong gothic feature and his writings are combinations of terror and beauty, as well as reason and unreason. The Black Cat is such a typical gothic work.
This paper will mainly analyze the narrative strategies of The Black Cat form five parts. The first part is introduction, namely an introduction for Edgar Allan Poe and the research background and significance of The Black Cat, mainly introducing Poe’s writing features and the present study, including the study of focalization, unreliable narration of The Black Cat. The second part is the analysis of narrative focalization of this novel, mainly expounding first-person narration and first-person retrospective narration of The Black Cat, as well as the shifting of focalization in The Black Cat. This part will help readers better understand the unique narrative strategies of this novel. The third part is the analysis of unreliable narration of The Black Cat, mainly analyzing how this novel uses narrative strategies to strengthen narrative unreliability, and mainly analyzing the relationship between narrator and implied author and an application of the techniques of irony and exaggeration. This part will help readers further understand the unreliable narration of this short story. The fourth part is the analysis of thought presentation of The Black Cat. This part helps readers to explore and understand the protagonist’s inner world by analyzing the free direct thought and free indirect thought in The Black Cat. The last part is the conclusion, mainly summarizing the analysis of this paper.

Keywords: Edgar Allan Poe, The Black Cat, focalizaton, unreliable narration, thought presentation

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