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英汉禁忌语比较分析


全文字数:8500字左右  原创时间:<=2022年

【内容摘要】

英汉禁忌语比较分析


语言是文化的载体,文化又在某种程度上决定语言的使用。受文化的影响,语言的使用逐渐受到限制,开始出现人们尽量避免去提及的语言区域,从而形成了语言禁忌这一概念。禁忌是中西方普遍存在的一种社会文化现象,语言禁忌则是社会禁忌的重要组成部分。禁忌为人们的交际活动,尤其是跨文化交际设置了障碍,使得人们不得不注意它,避开它,以便交际的顺利进行。英汉的语言中存在着大量的禁忌语,而英汉文化差异导致了英汉禁忌语的差异,同时也存在些许共性。随着全球化的不断深入,跨文化的交际越来越频繁,在跨文化的交往中,因为对彼此的禁忌不了解而造成的误会以及导致的交流障碍屡见不鲜,因此,进一步了解不同国家的禁忌语在跨文化交际中显得尤为重要。
本文首先就禁忌语的定义、起源和分类进行了简单的论述。然后,就汉英禁忌语的文化相似性和差异性进行分析,以禁忌语的分类为基础,对汉英在生理现象和咒骂、猥亵性的禁忌语以及宗教领域的禁忌语上的相似性进行了对比研究,并举例说明汉英禁忌语在这些方面的共同点。在差异比较上,主要对歧视类禁忌语、个人隐私、名称、颜色等方面的禁忌语进行了比较分析,同样也依据相关的例子更详细的显示汉英禁忌语在这些方面的差异性。除此之外,本文还对英汉禁忌语的发展变化进行了论述, 旨在更好了解英汉的禁忌语,以尽量避免英汉交际障碍和交际失败,帮助英汉跨文化交际的顺利进行。

关键词:禁忌语;相似性;差异性; 对比分析
A Contrastive Analysis of Taboo between English and Chinese
Abstract: Language is the carrier of culture while culture also has great influence on language. Under the impact of culture, some usage of language gradually become limited which people try to avoid mentioning, and this phenomenon becomes the origin of the language taboo. Taboo is a social and cultural phenomenon which commonly exists in China and the West, and language taboo mainly constitutes the social taboo. In people’s communication activities, especially the cross-cultural communication, taboo plays an important role and set up vital barriers, either. Thus, people have to pay attention to taboo, and endeavor to keep away from it in order for successful communication. There are an ocean of taboos in English and Chinese, while cultural differences lead to the differences on taboos, with similarities existing at the same time. With the development of globalization, the cross-cultural communication has been more and more frequent. In the process of inter-cultural communication, misunderstandings and communicating obstacles caused by lacking in knowledge of taboo are very common. Therefore, further knowledge of the taboos on different countries has become critical in cross-cultural communications.
  This paper firstly reviews the origin, definition and classification of taboo. Then make an analysis on the similarities and differences between English and Chinese taboos. On the basis of taboo’s classification, contrast and analysis of the similarities are going on under three factors: physiological phenomenon, curse and religion. Concerning examples are also described. The comparison of differences is concerning discrimination, personal privacy, name, color and other factors, also equipped with examples. Besides, this paper also makes some discussion on the development and change of English and Chinese taboos, aiming to better understand the English and Chinese taboos so as to avoid the obstacles and failures in English-Chinese communications as well as facilitating the English-Chinese inter-cultural communication.

Keywords: Taboo; Similarity; Difference; Contrast and Analysis

 

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