释意理论在口译实践中的应用

法国释意学派口译理论，主要侧重于口译过程中意义的传递现象。　　笔者从释意理论的产生和发展的过程以及法国释意派口译理论核心思想的介绍，并通过口译实例的讲解来阐明释意理论在口译实践中可操作性和应用之广泛性。塞莱斯科维奇是释意理论的创始人，她提出了口译“三角模式”，为口译理论的发展做出极大的贡献，并一度成为具有统治地位的理论。口译“三角模式”即理解原文，脱离语言外壳，重新表达这三个阶段。释意理论提出了“脱离语言外壳”这一极具经验性总结和的创意概念，即译员要脱离原语的束缚，在译入语中找到合适的方式表达讲话者的信息内容。这一理论中还有一个重要的概念：认知补充。这一点在理解和脱离语言外壳两个阶段都十分重要，就是要通过译员调动其百科知识和认知能力来理解说话者意图，并通过有效手段再现说话者的内容和意义。本文作者通过中国近几年的“两会”和记者招待会上领导人发言的交替传译的材料，来阐述释意理论在口译实践中的重要作用。作者试图在这些口译中材料中挖掘出释意理论在其中应用的经典例子，同时也想通过分析和评述一些不够完美的口译例子来说明释意理论如何为其提供一种更加的口译效果。如果译员在口译时能将这一理论彻底的理解和运用起来，我们的口译工作将会非常顺利。

关键词：释意理论；“三角模式”；脱离语言外壳；认知补充
The Application of Interpretive Theory in Field Interpretation

Abstract: The Interpretative Theory originated in France lays particular emphasis on delivering the intended meaning of speakers which is separated from the form of the original text. The author wants to express the maneuverability and the wide application of Interpretative Theory through samples in practical interpretation. Danica Seleskovich is one important founder of this theory. She puts forward the famous “Triangular Model” for interpreters and it has been prevailing for a period in interpreting circle and has made a great contribution to the interpretation area. This “Triangular Model” includes three important stages of interpretation and it also is the core content of Interpretative Theory, i.e., comprehension, de-verbalization and re-expression. The stage of de-verbalization is a distinguishing feature of this theory. It means that interpreters should jump out of the restrictions of forms in original text and find a proper way to express in target language. This is a procedure of conveying the intended meaning. There is another important point in the Interpretative Theory: cognitive complements. It requires interpreters use his encyclopaedic knowledge to get the intended meaning of speakers and approach a better way to express it. This article finds some materials of interpretation in the past Chinese “Two Sessions” and press conference to explain the procedures of Interpretative Theory. Through analyzing these samples, the author wants to show the importance of Interpretative Theory in interpreting work. For some imperfect translation, the article is intending to give a better version with the help of “Triangular Model”. As long as the interpreters make full use of Interpretative Theory, the interpreting work would become more successful.

Key Words: Interpretive Theory; Triangular Model; de-verbalization;  cognitive complements

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