雪莱《西风颂》和济慈《秋颂》的对比分析

雪莱和济慈都是英国浪漫主义诗人，他们生活在同一个时代，有着相同的时代背景。《西风颂》和《秋颂》这两首诗都写于1918年，都属于颂歌。但是两首诗的秋天景色和诗歌意象迥然不同，表达出的情感也不同,更重要的是，两首诗歌所发挥的文学功能也有所不同,《西风颂》主要侧重于诗歌的教化功能，而《秋颂》则侧重于诗歌的审美批判功能。本文就是从两首诗的不同角度作比较，探究出两首歌对秋天不同感悟的背后原因。前人对两位诗人的研究成果不是很多，而将两位诗人进行对比研究则是一个空白。前人主要研究了雪莱的诗歌创作思想—即“想象的表现”和唯美主义，济慈的美学理想，即“美即是真，真即是美”。本文从诗歌的写作背景、艺术特点、象征意义和原因进行综合分析和对比研究，从而可以深刻了解浪漫主义诗歌特点和当时英国的社会环境，以及两位诗人的人生经历和诗歌所发挥的社会作用。《西风颂》揭示出了人类社会的历史规律、表达了雪莱的革命思想感情及他的世界观，有助于激励后人尊重社会历史规律，去创造一个崭新的社会，激励更多的人为自由而奋斗。《秋颂》所揭示的人生规律和乐观的生死观鼓励人类积极面对一切，感受大自然赠予人类的美好事物。两首诗都含有辩证思想，具有一定的思想价值。

关键词：秋天情感;秋天意象; 浪漫主义; 自然规律
The Comparative Analysis of Shelley“Ode to the West Wind”and Keats“To Autumn”
Abstract: Shelley and Keats are British romantic poets, who lived in the same age and with same age background. Ode to the West wind and To Autumn were written in 1819. However, the scenery of autumn and poetic images in two poems are extremely different, there is no doubt that the complexity they express are different. What's more, the functions these two poems play are a little bit different. Ode to the West wind focuses on the function of indoctrination. Yet To Autumn mainly plays the function of aesthetical criticism. This thesis makes comparison based on different angles to explore the reasons of different complexity towards the same autumn. Previous studies on the two poets are not much, let alone the researches on the comparative analysis of two poems. Previous researches include Shelley's poetic creation thoughts, namely "the manifestation of imagine" and Keats's aesthetical ideology, namely "Beauty is truth, truth beauty". This thesis aims at analysis comprehensively from writing background, art characteristics, symbolic meaning and reasons, so that we can have a better understanding of the characteristics of romantic poetry and the British social environment in the 19 century, and two poets's life experiences and social positive effects played by two poems. Ode to the West wind reveals the historical law of human society, expresses Shelley's revolutionary thoughts and his world outlook. It contributes to inspiring people to respect historical law, to create a new society and to fight for freedom. To Autumn reveals the laws of life and Keats's optimistic attitude towards life and death, which can motivate people to confront with everything positively, humans ought to value pleasant things nature confer to. These two poems contain dialectical thoughts and which are very significant in literature study.
Key words: autumn complexity, autumn images, Romanticism, law of nature

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