《小妇人》中乔所体现的十九世纪美国自由女性主义特征

 在美国，自由女性主义是女性主义最主流的一种形式，它强调个人主义平等。 自由主义的主要贡献在于它展示了社会是如何通过强调男女应区别对待而歧视女性的。自由女性主义者认为要实现性别平等，社会应该忽视男性与女性之间的生物差异。女性和男性应该享受均等的性别待遇。自由女性主义最早出现在一些革命宣传小册子上，比如1766年在费城发行的《一个美国女性的观点》，它宣称“女性生来自由”而且“拒绝政府的暴戾约制”。十九世纪，自由女性主义才真的开始发展。而且，它在十九世纪下半期取得巨大进步，而且产生了一些自由女性主义者，比如露克瑞蒂雅•莫特等人。在十九世纪六十年代，随着美国内战的结束以及第二波女权运动的爆发，自由女性主义应运而生。关于自由女性主义的文学作品也越来越多。《小妇人》便是此类杰作之一。本文从乔的外貌、性格、爱好、对待家庭的态度、以及对待爱情与婚姻的态度上探究了这个小说中所表达的自由女性主义，以期此研究有助于读者更好地理解自由女性主义的内涵，并对自由女性主义的进一步发展有参考价值。

关键词：自由女性主义；平等；十九世纪；《小妇人》
Features of American Liberal Feminism in the Nineteenth Century Embodied in Joe in Little Women

Abstract

In the United States, liberal feminism is the most mainstream form of feminism, characterized by an individualistic emphasis on equality. The main contribution of liberal feminism has been to show how much women have been discriminated by society insisting that women and men must be treated differently. Liberal feminists hold that biological differences should be ignored in order to achieve gender equality. Women and men should be treated in a gender-neutral manner. The earliest manifestations of liberal feminism were revolutionary pamphlets like the “Sentiments of an American Woman,” published in Philadelphia in 1766, which proclaimed that “women were born for liberty” and that they “refused to be constrained by tyrannic government.”1 In the 19th century, liberal feminism gradually developed. Moreover, it welcomed its boom in the second half of the 19th century with the emergence of advocates of liberal feminism like Lucretia Mott, and so on. In the 1860s, with the end of the American Civil War and the emergence of the second wave of feminist movement in the middle of the 1860s, liberal feminism emerged as the times required and was gradually expressed in literary works. Little Women is one of those excellent works expressing liberal feminism. This paper will probe into liberal feminism expressed in this novel through analysis of Joe from the perspective of her appearance, characters, hobbies, attitudes towards family and attitudes towards love and marriage with the expectation that the study of this paper will be helpful to readers understanding of the connotation of liberal feminism and as reference to further development liberal of feminism.

Keywords: liberal feminism; equality; the 19th century; Little Women

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