恶意诉讼问题探讨

随着社会经济的发展，人们的权利意识逐步增强，我国人民法院受理的案件逐年增长，大有“诉讼爆炸”的趋势。但是，与此同时一种不正当现象—— 恶意诉讼，也随之出现，并呈现愈演愈烈之势。恶意诉讼是一种特殊案件，它不仅严重侵害了他人的合法权益，扰乱了司法秩序，浪费了司法资源，而且对司法公正、司法权威与诉讼价值都构成了冲击与损害。近年来，恶意诉讼案件在我国呈上升趋势，成为新闻媒体和社会关注的热点，是当下实践中不得不去解决的顽疾。从目前的研究来看，我国法学界尚未对恶意诉讼进行系统讨论，实践中如何应对和防范更是一片空白。本文通过对恶意诉讼这一现象的透视和探析，阐述了其成因和消解恶意诉讼的必要性，并借鉴国内外有关防范恶意诉讼的做法和经验，以期建立长效机制规范恶意诉讼。
关键词：恶意诉讼；认定标准; 惩罚性赔偿；诉权

On the Problem of Malicious Litigation
Abstract: With the development of society and economy, people’s awareness of rights gradually increases. The cases accepted by the People’s Court are growing year by year, with a trend of “litigation explosion”. However, a perverse phenomenon --“malicious litigation” appears at the same time, showing a growing trend. Malicious litigation is a special kind of cases which is not only seriously infringing upon the legitimate rights and interests of others, disrupting the judicial order as well as wasting the judicial resources, but also impacting and doing damage to the course of justice, judicial authority and litigation value. In recent years, the malicious lawsuits are rising in China, becoming the hot spot of the news media and social focus of attention, and essential actions have to be taken. According to the current study, our jurisprudence has not made a systematic discussion on malicious litigation, and how to deal with and prevent it is still a blank. This article expounds the causes of malicious litigation and the necessity to eliminate it by analysis, and learns from the practices and experiences on the prevention of it at home and abroad to establish a long-term mechanism.
Keywords: Malicious litigation; Standards for determining; Punitive damages; Right of appeal

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