《木马赢家》中保罗的死亡

《木马赢家》是劳伦斯著名的短篇小说之一，故事发生在一战之后的英国，劳伦斯用童话般的故事揭露、批判了对金钱无休止的贪欲腐蚀了孩子纯洁的心灵，指使可怜的孩子，不惜以生命为赌注，换取金钱，以博得母亲的欢心。劳伦斯作品中有大量的死亡背景，表达了他对工业革命和战争给人类造成的各种悲剧的谴责与否定的同时，也打上个人经历的印记。《木马赢家》也是该以该故事主人公的死亡为结局，留给人们足够多沉思的空间。
前人对于这篇小说的研究主要集中于母亲的研究上，父亲的缺席使得主人公对母亲产生一种过分的依赖和讨好，其相处的过程中能体现出俄狄浦斯情节。根据前人研究的基础上，本论文将结合人类学关于成长的理论，从生活环境和成长过程来分析保罗的死亡原因和象征意义；尝试从母亲、父亲、叔叔和园丁对保罗的家庭教育失败的角度，来论述他们对主人公成长过程中人性和价值观的影响。
男主人公最后的死亡象征着他成长的失败、童年的缺失和对工业文明的否定，而这一切都无法摆脱拜金主义，就连亲情都可以用金钱来交换。本论文的目的是希望能通过对这篇文章的分析来警示世人不要一切向钱看，摆正对金钱的态度。

关键词：劳伦斯；死亡；俄狄浦斯情节；象征意义；工业文明；拜金主义
An Analysis of Paul’s Death on “The Rocking-Horse Winner”

Abstract: “The Rocking-Horse Winner” is one of the famous short novels of Laurence. The story happened in England after the First World War. In the novel, Lawrence criticized that the endless greed for money corroded children’s pure minds. In order to win mother’s favor, little Paul gained money at the cost of his own life. Lawrence’s work contains a vast among of description about death, which is one of the main themes in his creation. How his death complex forms is the key point to understand his theme. He condemned the great disaster caused by the industry revolution and the war. And his rebellious thoughts against mentality and industrial civilization can be seen from the novel. “The Rocking-Horse Winner” ended with the protagonist’s death which left posterity enough space to meditate.
The former research about the novel focused on one character in the novel, mainly concentrated on the relationship between mother and son. Because of lack of father, the protagonist was dependent on and pleases his mother excessively which showed Oedipus complex. On the basis of forefather’s research, this thesis combined anthropology which related to growth to analyze the reasons and symbolism of the protagonist’s death from living environment and growth; and to expound the effect from family members on the changes of human nature and values in the protagonist’s growth. What’ more, this paper preferred to consider the family education is failed.
The protagonist died at last which symbolized the failure of growth, absence of childhood and negation of industrial civilization. However, all this cannot break away money worship; even family love can be exchanged for money. Hopefully, this paper can remind common people to think over various money matters and balance monetary wealth with other forms of wealth.

Keywords: Lawrence; death; Oedipus complex; symbolism; industrial civilization; money worship

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