《蝇王》的悲剧演变

《蝇王》是20世纪英国著名的小说家威廉•戈尔丁的代表作也是其成名作,自问世以来，就颇受学术界的关注。多数学者一致认为小说揭示了人性本恶这一主题。本文运用现代心理学中自尊心的界定及表现，自尊心的积极和消极影响等对小说情节发展起主导性作用的人物—杰克的心理及行为变化进行探析，说明孩子们的邪恶行为是杰克诱发的，而与本性没有必然联系，从而希望读者能摒弃对《蝇王》传统的悲观理解，重新全面辩证地审视人性的善恶，警示人们善恶共存于人性之中，谨防 “恶”的极度膨胀，造成悲剧性的后果。一方面，倡导在人际交往时，摒弃人性本恶的偏见，另一方面，告诫人们要自觉保持心理健康，防止自尊心过强带来的消极作用。

关键词：杰克；自尊心；负作用；报复； 悲剧
Abstract

The masterpiece –Lord of the Flies was the representative work of William Golding, a prominent British novelist in the 20th century, which immediately brought him to fame. Since its publication, Lord of the Flies has attracted great academic attention. Most scholars agreed that the novel revealed the theme of the inherent evilness in human nature. This dissertation analyzes the psychological state and behavior of Jack, the leading character who plays an important role in the plot development in the novel, in the light of the modern psychology theory of defense and protection of self-esteem and proves that the degeneration of the children to evil is triggered by Jack, which has little thing to do with human nature, be it good or nature. It is hoped that readers will give up the traditional pessimistic concept of Lord of the Flies and reexamine the view of good or evil of human nature so as to appreciate Lord of the Flies from a new and dialectical angle. It also serves as a warning for people that human nature contains the evil and the good, people should be wary of the utmost inflation of the evil to bring about disastrous consequences. Meanwhile, it advocates that people should abandon the prejudice of the innately evil human nature in the social intercourse with others; it reminds people of the importance of maintaining psychological health to take precautions against the negative effects of over-sensitive and excessive sense of self-esteem.

Key Words: Self-esteem, the Negative effects, Revenge, Tragedy

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