从《美国的悲剧》中分析人性的沦丧

西奥多•德莱赛的《美国的悲剧》记录了一个贫穷牧师的儿子为了摆脱卑微的社会地位，追求财富地位，最后走向灭亡的过程。本文认为，《美国的悲剧》不仅揭露了享乐主义和拜金制度下的美国梦的破灭，更是深刻地剖析了在金钱与物欲的冲击下，进取精神、亲情伦理、爱情理想、宗教信仰、政治司法、社会道德等方面的人性的沦丧。本文在对人文传统和价值体系的思考中，试图发掘《美国的悲剧》更深层次的主旨，即：不仅是美国社会的悲剧更是人性在物欲驱使下逐渐沦丧的悲剧。本文主要分为两大部分，从不同的角度分析《美国的悲剧》中人性的沦丧；同时，从不同方面分析人性沦丧与金钱、爱情、司法制度和信仰的关系，进而揭示《美国的悲剧》人性沦丧的研究对现实的喻示作用，即：克莱德人性的沦丧和毁灭, 不仅是美国社会的悲剧, 也是人类社会的悲剧。
关键词: 美国的悲剧；人性分析；悲剧；沦丧
Abstract
An American Tragedy is one of the most representative novels of Theodore Dreiser. The novel tells a story of Clyde Griffiths’ corruption from an innocent boy into a murderer by the pursuit of wealth and high status. The thesis asserts that An American Tragedy reveals the disillusion of American dream by the influence of hedonism and dehumanization, analyses profoundly the losing of human nature in enterprising spirit, family bond, love ideal, religious faith, political system, and social morality. Considering traditions and values, the author try to find more profound theme, it is not only a tragedy of American society, but also a tragedy that human nature gradually vanished by the force of material desire. This essay is mainly divided into two chapters. The first chapter analyzed the absence of humanity in An American Tragedy from different perspective. The second chapter illustrated the relationship between human nature and money, love, political system, faith, and revealed that human nature in An American Tragedy could give us implications. If someone loses his faith and ideal, and ignores the social morality in any country or society system, it will definitely constitute a tragedy.

Key words: An American Tragedy; Analysis of humanity; Tragedy; Vanity

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