中英主要颜色词的比较和翻译
自然界中的颜色丰富多彩,颜色与人类的生活息息相关,我们无时无刻不在与颜色打交道。大千世界的颜色种类无穷无尽,有各自的独特物理属性,在语言中也有鲜明的体现。对颜色的认知,是人类最基本的认知范畴之一。人类对颜色的认知,是有很明显的共同之处的。反映在语言上,就是虽然各种语言表达颜色的词汇数量差别较大,但是表达颜色的基本词汇,如黑、白、红、黄、绿、蓝等,在很多语言中都是相通的,是非常一致的。不过,由于各民族文化风俗,地理位置,历史传统,宗教信仰,民族心理,思维习惯等方面的差异,颜色词语有时有表现出各民族独特的“个性”,带有显著的文化烙印。这就使得颜色词语的翻译,可以采用不同的方法。 丰富多彩的颜色词的中文及英文的内涵有很多不同之处。本文讨论了不同的含义和应用颜色词英汉之间在政治,宗教,经济,军事活动和社会生活的手段的对比；汉语和英语颜色词的不同语义导致不同其比喻的含义。由于思维方式、社会制度、传统习俗、地理环境,民族心理和其他因素的不同,对颜色词在理解的语言习惯和掌握运用方面不同,因此,有必要了解和研究这些差异,使我们能够改善我们的语言能力,从而让跨文化传播收获更大的成功。这篇论文将以英汉两种语言中一些常见颜色词汇进行对比研究,从英汉两种颜色词的特征以及在文化方面英文基本颜色词的异同作了对比分析,随后,由于英汉民族不同的文化心理和审美情趣,本篇论文将从翻译方法的角度对中英文颜色词进行探讨,以期达到在跨文化交际中更好的把握和运用英汉颜色词的目的。本文是基于比较的六个基本颜色词:“红、白、蓝、黄、黑、绿”在英语和中文,从不同的文化视角,找出含义的异同,和结合上下文的不同翻译。
关键词：颜色词;文化背景;联想意义;翻译
Abstract
Nature is full of colorful colors, the color is closely related to human life and we all deal with colors. Endless color sorts fill the world. Colors have their own unique physical properties, and also have distinctive features in the language. Cognition to color is one of the most basic human cognitive categories. Human's perception of color is obvious in common. A large number of color words are reflected in language. Although various language color differences are bigger, the basic vocabulary of color, such as black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, etc are interlinked in many languages. It is very consistent. However, due to the customs of the national culture, the geographical position, historical tradition, religious beliefs, ethnic psychology and habits of thinking and other differences, color words sometimes have showed unique "personality" of the various nationalities with significant cultural imprint. This makes different translations of color words by using different methods. Rich and colorful color words of the connotation of Chinese and English have many differences. This paper discusses the different meanings and applications of color words between English and Chinese in politics, religion, economy, military activity and the comparison of means of social life; English and Chinese color words of different semantics in the meaning of the metaphor. Due to the way of thinking, social systems, traditional customs, geographical environment, national psychology and other factors, the understandings of color words is different in different aspects of language habits .Therefore, it is necessary to understand and study these differences and it enable us to improve our language abilities, and make cross-cultural communication more successful. This paper will use main color words in English and Chinese two languages comparison study and start from the characteristics of two kinds of color words and English basic color terms. And in terms of cultural similarities and differences have made the comparison and analysis, then, because of the English and Chinese national different culture psychology, aesthetic temperament and interest, this paper will be discussed in both English and Chinese color words from the perspective of translation methods, in order to grasp and apply in the cross-cultural communication between English and Chinese color words. This article is based on the comparison of six basic color words: "red, white, blue, yellow, black, green" in English and Chinese, and discuss from a different cultural perspectives to find out the meanings of the similarities, differences, and translations of color words in specific context.
Key words: color words; cultural background; associative meaning；translation
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