动态对等理论下的情景喜剧字幕翻译——以《生活大爆炸》为例

功能对等理论由美国著名的语言学家，翻译家和翻译理论家尤金•A•奈达（Eugene Nida）提出，是翻译界的重大理论之一。动态对等理论主张为了内容的表达需要, 在某些情况下对源语的表达形式做出适当的改变, 从而实现翻译内容上的动态对等, 使得译语读者和源语读者在阅读中获得相同的反应。作为一种现今越来越流行的喜剧形式,情景喜剧由于有着频繁的喜剧冲突、幽默的对白以及鲜明的人物形象深受广大观众的喜爱。好的字幕能使观众更好的看懂美剧，理解美剧中的对话，情感和笑点。而对字幕翻译目前还没有一个完整系统的理论体系。动态对等理论注重在翻译过程中观众的反应，可以很好的指导美国情景喜剧字幕的翻译。《生活大爆炸》是一部广受中国观众喜爱的美国情景喜剧, 它里面有很多幽默生动，贴近生活的台词。这些台词给字幕翻译增加了难度和负担。在本文中，我将从该剧中字幕语言的特点和字幕翻译所表现出的不同人物特性这两方面来与奈达的动态对等理论相结合，探讨美国情景字幕翻译的新思路。

关键词：动态对等理论、字幕翻译、《生活大爆炸》、人物特性
COMEDY UNDER DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE THEORY—TAKING THE BIG BANG THEORY FOR EXAMPLE
Abstract: Dynamic equivalence theory, proposed by Eugene Nida, a famous American linguist, translator and translation theorist, is an important theory in the world of translation. According to dynamic equivalence theory, proper changes of the expression form of source language can be made under certain circumstances for the expression needs of content, so as to realize equivalence in content and so that target language reader and source language reader gain the same reflection in one reading.
As a comic type that is becoming more and more popular, it has frequent comedic conflicts, humorous dialogue and vivid character, which makes it hot among audiences. A good subtitle helps audiences to understand American sitcoms better and to comprehend their dialogue, emotions and laughing point. The Big Bang Theory is a very popular American sitcoms among Chinese audiences, it has a lot of humorous and close-to-life dialogue which brings difficulty and burden to subtitle translation. In this thesis, I will focus on the features of languages in the play and the reflections of unique characteristics of dramatic personnel from subtitle translation under Nida’s dynamic equivalence theory, so as to a new train of thought in the subtitle translation of American sitcoms.

Key Words: the functional equivalence theory， subtitle translation， The Big Bang Theory， characteristics of personnel

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