浅谈任务型教学法在小学英语教学中的有效应用

任务型教学法克服了交际法的教学活动中出现的大量非真实交际的问题，提出通过引导学生来完成真实生活中的任务来学习运用英语，从而培养学生运用英语的能力。任务型教学法在教学实践中应该首先设计出真实生活的任务，然后在课堂上将任务呈现给学生，学生通过学习教学内容获得完成任务必须的知识和能力，然后完成任务，从而在完成真实的生活任务的过程中学习知识，培养能力。任务型教学法既强调在运用中学习，也强调为了运用而学习.任务型教学法在英语教学中起着非常重要的作用，尤其是在低起点的小学英语学习者有着不可或缺的作用，它可以激发学生学习英语的兴趣，同时激活了学生以前学的知识技巧，真正做到以“学生为中心，以交际为过程，以能力发展为目标，以真实任务为驱动”，让学生体会在交际中学习英语。
然而，任务型教学法还存在着许多问题，比如地区上的应用不平衡，任务难易程度不易控制，课堂上老师也很难完全达到任务型教学的要求，因此老师们应该在教学中创设条件，适当运用任务型教学的理论指导课堂教学，实事求是地评价任务型教学的效果，依据教学情况进行试验推行，从而站在更高的高度来引导教学过程，在教学实践中不断探索、总结，设计出符合学生兴趣、生活经验、认知水平和知识水平的任务活动。与此同时，在各种各样的任务型教学活动中，学生得到参与合作的机会，培养英语思维习惯，提高语言交际的能力，从而达到学习语言的目的。

关键词：任务型教学法；小学英语学习者；任务设计；应对策略。
On the Effectiveness of Task-based Instruction Approach in Primary School English Teaching
Abstract: Task-based Instruction Approach overcomes the problems of unreal communication, and puts forward the notion to guide the students to complete the real life task to learn English, so as to cultivate the students' ability to use English language. Task-based Instruction Approach in teaching practice first designs real life task, and presents to students in the class, who will gain knowledge and ability by finishing the task. Then, in the process of accomplishing real life task, they could acquire specific knowledge and practical abilities. Task-based Instruction Approach not only emphasizes learning from application, but also highlights learning for application. Task-based Instruction Approach plays an important role in English teaching, especially for the students in primary school. It can stimulate the interest of English learning, at the same time, make students recall the knowledge learned before, to reach the target that "students being centered, communication as the process, develop the ability as the goal, and the real task as the prime mover ".
However, there are also many problems, such as disproportional development of the approach and difficulty of controlling tasks. Classroom teaching will be very difficult to achieve the requirements of Task-based Instruction Approach. So, teachers should create conditions in teaching, and use Task-based Instruction Approach to guide classroom teaching properly, make evaluation of the effect of approach matter-of-factly, so as to make trial implementation based on the real teaching situation. It calls for us to practice boldly and explore actively, design tasks and activities which fit student’s interests, life experience and knowledge level, create opportunities for students to take part in the cooperation, improve the ability of communication, so as to achieve the purpose of learning a language.
 
Keywords: Task-based Instruction Approach; English learners in primary school; task designed; Strategy.

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