文化变迁对汉语教学的启示

第二语言教学本身就是跨文化交际，培养学生的跨文化交际能力是第二语言教学的主要目标。在对外汉语教学的视角下，尽管学习者学习汉语的目的多种多样，但学习中国文化，学会适应中国文化环境，学会与中国人进行有效交际等都是汉语教师必须帮助学生实现的目标。然而，在实践中我们发现，作为跨文化交际的对外汉语教学过程中存在着两个突出的矛盾，即跨文化交际悖论以及文化核心价值传播与现实言语交际的对立。培养对外汉语教师跨文化交际意识的实质就是提高其在教学中应对矛盾所产生的负面效应的能力。通过对各种矛盾现象的分析，可以得出这样一个结论：产生问题的原因除固有的东西方文化差异这一客观原因以外，最为重要的乃是从事对外汉语教学的主体对中国当代文化的变迁估计不足，敏感度不高。本论文试图首先从文化变迁的角度对教学中存在的矛盾进行新的归因，进而剖析当代中国文化变迁的诸现象并结合文化教学及交际教学的相关案例，最终从教材编写，课堂教学，教师素质等三方面提出合理的教学方式和策略，从而强调提高文化变迁意识的重要性，以期从文化变迁的纵深对中华文化核心价值的有效传播以及言语交际的成功进行有所裨益。

关键词：文化变迁；对外汉语教学；跨文化交际；文化教学；

Reflection on Cultural Transition in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language

Abstract: There is no doubt that the process of teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL) should be considered as a course of typical intercultural communication. The primary target of second language teaching is to cultivate learners’ competence of intercultural communication. Similarly, teachers who are engaged in Chinese teaching is responsible to assist the learners in understanding Chinese culture, adapting to the atmosphere of Chinese culture and communicating effectively with Chinese. However, in the course of instruction as well as communication, we’ve discovered that two outstanding antinomies have emerged under the veil of globalization and cultural transition, namely, “paradox of cross-cultural communication” and the opposition existing between the outlooks of delivering core cultural value and speech communication in reality. Moreover, in Chinese instruction, the obstacles above badly hinder the achievement of successful cultural diffusion. In spite of the innate difference between eastern and western culture, the fact that teachers engaged in TCFL tend to underestimate the rapid cultural transition in modern China can also be attributed when analyzing the causes of such paradoxes. Hence the essential of developing the awareness of intercultural communication of perspective educators is to enhance their coping capability when facing the negative effects causing by the paradoxes. This paper aims at examining the reflection of cultural transition in TCFL and put forward some pertinent strategies in Chinese instruction, in order to hold a mirror to future Chinese instruction.

Keywords: cultural transition; teaching Chinese as a foreign language; intercultural communication; cultural teaching;

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