《雾都孤儿》中南希的悲剧形象

《雾都孤儿》是19世纪英国小说家查尔斯•狄更斯早期创作中一部重要的批判现实主义小说。小说集中表现了维多利亚时代充斥英国社会的贫困与犯罪。狄更斯在小说里以其独特的创作手法，勾勒出了一群血肉丰满，令人难忘的人物形象。而南希，这一人物形象，在小说中的地位并不十分突出，但就是这样一个表面上并不引人注目的边缘人物，在作者独具匠心的刻画与安排下，竟也构成了推动故事情节发展不可缺少的因素之一。南希的一生短暂而悲惨，可以说是当时英国社会苦难人民的缩影。
本文将根据小说中南希短暂而悲惨的人生遭遇，剖析南希的悲剧形象，深入挖掘造成南希这一人物悲剧的因素，揭示其悲剧的意义。笔者认为，在小说里，南希是一个有血有肉，亦善亦恶，有着悲惨遭遇的不幸女子。在南希身上，善与恶的冲突，情感与道德伦理的冲突得到了集中体现。南希在其人生的最后一幕，觉醒了，努力挣扎着想要逃离她卑屈罪恶的过去，并勇敢地向恶势力进行了反抗。最后，用她的生命和鲜血换取了永恒的纯洁与无辜。作者狄更斯在南希身上不仅张扬了人性的善良，同时也揭露了现实的残酷。

关键词：悲剧美学；女性；冲突；人性；善良
A Brief Analysis of the Tragic Image---Nancy in Oliver Twist

Abstract: Oliver Twist is an important novel of English critical realism in the 19th century, written by Charles Dickens, the greatest representative of English critical realism, in his early literary career period. It mainly reflects a dark society full of poverty and crime during Victorian period. In this novel, Dickens describes a group of vivid and impressive characters with his unique literary skills. Nancy, though, seems not a very important role, through Dickens’ skillful description and plot settings; she actually plays an indispensable role in pushing the development of the story plots. Her whole life is so short and miserable; her self can be seen as an epitome of the poor people in the bottom of English society at that time.
     In this paper, according to Nancy’s short and sorrowful life experience, I shall analyze her tragic image, and explore the main factors which finally cause Nancy’s tragedy, then in order to show the significances of her tragedy. I think, in Oliver Twist, Nancy is a flesh-and-blood woman, half evil, half good, suffering so much. On Nancy, the conflict between evil and good, the contradiction between passion and morals or ethics, both of which are fully reflected. In the last moment of her life, Nancy’s sleeping human nature is awakened, and tries to escape from her evil past, and starts to fight against the evil force. Finally, she exchanges her life for the eternal purity and innocence. Nancy’s change of heart is “the last fair drop of water at the bottom of a dried-up, weed-choked well”.（Donovan Frank, The Children of Charles Dickens, 1968）. According to Nancy, the author Dickens revealed the goodness of human nature, and meanwhile, displayed the harshness of realities.

Keywords: tragic aesthetics; femininity; conflicts; human nature; goodness

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