试析《麦田里的守望者》主人公的性格发展

一个人青年时期的成长决定他的未来。因此，在各国文学史上，青少年成长小说历来占有重要的地位。成长小说展示的是年轻主人公经历了某种切肤之痛的事件后，或改变原有的世界观，或改变了自己的性格，或两者兼有，这种改变使他摆脱了童年的天真，并最终把他引向了一个真实而复杂的成人世界。
在众多成长小说中，1951年出版的J.D.塞林格的《麦田里的守望者》堪称一部经典，其塑造的主人公霍尔顿愤世嫉俗，满口粗话然而却拥有一颗最善良纯洁的心，他的成长经历了无数的磨难，在反抗中他保持着一颗童心，为人真诚，但在虚伪横行的主流社会他试图将自己融入，却发现人与人之间的隔膜早已将他孤立开来，他无奈最后做出了决定——做麦田里的守望者。
本文将通过分析霍尔顿的性格发展以及导致其性格特征形成的多方面原因进行分析，揭示其成长的悲剧必然性。

关键词：性格发展；多重性格；矛盾；悲剧命运
 
An Analysis of the Hero's Character
Development in The Catcher in the Rye

Abstract: The youth of an adolescent as a formative period determines an individual’s future, therefore, initiation story has always occupied an important position in the history of literature. What initiation story presents is how the hero changes his original view of world or (and) his character after experiencing the pains of growing-up. Such a change makes him get rid of the innocence of childhood and finally leads him to the real,complicated world of adults.
    J.D. Salinger’s the Catcher in the Rye that was published in 1951 is a classic among those multitudinous initiation stories. The hero Holden indignantly resents the world and always says vulgar language, however, he is kind and innocent at the bottom of his heart. He experiences much tribulation in his growth, still keeping innocent, being sincere during his revolt to the adult world. However, when he tries to integrate himself into the phony adult world, he is isolated by the ignorance and indifference among the human beings. Losing the hope to find a way out, he makes his decision----to be a catcher in the rye.
    This essay will explore into the process of Holden’s character development and the leading causes to expose the inevitability of Holden’s tragic fate in his growth.

Keywords: character development; diacharacter; contradiction; tragic fate

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