从《呼啸山庄》看艾米莉勃朗特生态女性主义意识
艾米莉•勃朗特因其写的《呼啸山庄》被认为是文学史上的天才。作品一经出版，便得到了学术界的广泛关注。一些学者从女性主义，象征主义，爱和宗教的角度对这部作品进行分析，另外一些学者则研究作品的叙述技巧，写作风格和语言。但是很少有文学批评家从生态女性主义的角度分析这部作品。因此，本文尝试从生态女性主义的视角对作品进行分析，研究其中展现出来的男性与女性，人类与自然之间的关系。
论文由四个章节构成。第一章主要介绍《呼啸山庄》的研究现状 并对生态女性主义理论进行阐释。第二章介绍艾米莉•勃朗特独特的性格和写作视角，并阐述维多利亚时期生态女性主义萌芽的出现及其对艾米莉•勃朗特写作产生的影响。第三章运用生态女性主义理论对作品进行解读，分为三个小节。第一节阐述两位女性-凯瑟琳•恩肖和伊莎贝拉•林顿如何被当时的父权制所压迫。第二节讨论希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳对自然的疏离。最后一节详细阐述希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳自我的回归，并最终在自然和死亡中获得了永久的平静。第四章对生态女性主义的分析进行总结，让读者对艾米莉•勃朗特的生态女性主义意识有全新的理解。
关键词：《呼啸山庄》；自然；生态女性主义
Abstract
Emily Bronte is regarded as a genius in the history of literature for her extraordinary literary work Wuthering Heights. When published, it has attracted enormous academic attention. Some scholars focus on studies of the novel from the angle of feminism, symbolism, love, and religion while others on its narrative skills, writing style and language. Few critics, however, have studied the novel from the perspective of eco-feminism. And therefore, the thesis tries to apply eco-feminism to analyze the relationship between male and female, man and nature in the novel.
This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter one is an introduction which is about the current studies on Wuthering Heights and the elaboration of the theory of eco-feminism. Chapter two provides a glimpse of Emily Bronte’s unique characteristic and vision, and how the Victorian Age motivates the awareness of eco-feminism which influences her writing. Chapter three is an interpretation of eco-feminism. It is divided into three sections. Section one illustrates how Catherine Earnshaw and Isabella Linton are oppressed by the system of patriarchy. The second section expounds the alienation of Heathcliff and Catherine from nature. The last section is devoted to elaborating the return of Heathcliff and Catherine’s true self to nature and they finally find peace in nature and death. In chapter four, a conclusion is reached that the eco-feministic analysis brings readers a complete new understanding of Emily Bronte’s awareness of eco-feminism.
Key Words: Wuthering Heights; nature; eco-feminism
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