浅谈《认真的重要性》里现实主义和唯美主义的冲突

如果说《认真的重要性》是一部烦恼之作，为何它的语言风格却是如此的轻松、欢快与风趣。的确，该剧是王尔德所有戏剧作品中最为幽默、诙谐的一部。换句话说，王尔德在其他的戏剧作品中都不是把喜剧效果放在首位的，注重的还是对人物性格的揭示以及故事逻辑性的讲述。而《认真的重要性》的一反常态，恰恰说明作者在创作这部戏时有着不一般的心态。
古往今来，对王尔德作品的评论数不胜数，王尔德的著作对后世的影响也非常巨大。其中王尔德的唯美主义艺术风格流派更是不可忽视的一部分。唯美主义对世界文坛的影响也是及其巨大的。《认真的重要性》更是王尔德的经典代表之作。在批评界，大多数批评家的言论并不能真正全面的体现出王尔德戏剧创作的艺术风格。比如对在戏剧中的现实主义和唯美主义的冲突不少评论家没有注意到。冲突表现在如阶级，婚姻和道德观很多方面。因此重新解读这部巨作有了更深层次的意义和价值。王尔德在创作《认真的重要性》的同时，并不仅
仅运用了唯美主义的手法，而是同时体现了他现实主义的思考。当在运用妙语连珠的同时，王尔德无法逃避创作人物性格时以“道德”为前提的思路。这就说明了在创作唯美主义形象的时无法从道德这一关游离出来，更能体现作品中唯美主义与现实主义的冲突。这给我在解
读《认真的重要性》中现实主义与唯美主义的冲突提供了一个很好的切入点。
 
 
关键词：王尔德； 认真的重要性；唯美主义； 现实主义；冲突

Conflicts between Realism and Aestheticism in The Importance of
Being Earnest
 
Abstract: If we say The Importance of Being Earnest is an annoying works why its language style is so relaxed, cheerful and humorous? Indeed, this drama is the most humorous and witty one of Wild’s works. In other words, under normal circumstances, Oscar Wilde does not like to put the comedy effects into the first place in his dramatic works, he focuses on character and describing logical stories. But The Importance of Being Earnest reverses its rule. Precisely proving that author has an unusual mentality when writing this drama. From time to time, there are numerous comments on Wilde’s work, and Wilde’s works have a great impact on future generations, in which the aestheticism style is the most important part that we can’t ignore it. In the literature world, aestheticism also has enormous influence. The Importance of Being Earnest  is the most representative and classical one. In the field of critic, most critics’ comments and ideas can not reflect all the Wilde dramatic artistic style. They can not have a comprehensive idea to summarize Wilde’s style in The Importance of Being Earnest. For example, conflicts between realism and aestheticism were found in many aspects in this drama. Such as the class, the marriage attitude and morality which most critics do not pay attention to them. Therefore, re-reading this masterpiece has a deeper meaning and value to us. By comparing realism and aestheticism, we hope to have a clearer comprehension in the writing intentions of the drama and also the further significances for researching and enlightening today and in the future.
 
Key words: Oscar Wilde; The Importance of Being Earnest;  aestheticism; realism; conflicts

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