从认知模型理论（ICM）看《红楼梦》的英文译本

语言结构并不一定要依据传统客观语义理论来进行分析。认识模型理论（ICM）作为认知语言学的理论分支，充分考虑了人的主观能动性，研究对象不是语言形式上的结构，而是语言形式背后的概念结构的语言结构。
依据ICM理论，本文提出假设：认知模型的差异性是翻译的一大难点，而译者认识到认知模型所具有的典型性则是翻译的突破口。本文从霍克斯与杨宪益&戴乃迭所译的两个《红楼梦》英译本中抽取部分原始材料，从宏观跟微观两个角度分析其语言结构，有下列发现：第一，具有文化特殊元素的文段，及诗歌、偈语，一经概念化，会形成ICM系统，系统内部的各CM具有选择性、典型性、关联性与系统性；第二，一词多义现象的本质是隐喻，“红色”隐喻系统是由基础ICM通过强化不同CM而形成的。最后得出结论，译本翻译是否准确，首先取决于译者是否把握住了ICM，其次是译文重现CM的效率；在ICM基本吻合的情况下，CM重现度越高，译本的ICM结构越完整，翻译越准确。本文也从ICM理论角度，赋予了直译和意译新的理解。
本文研究是对认知模型理论的科学性应用，并为《红楼梦》的翻译研究摸索出一条不同的途径。

关键词：认知模型理论（ICM）; 认知模型（CM）；红楼梦; 语言结构
Abstract
Language structure can be analyzed not only by traditional objective linguistic theory. As one of the branches of cognitive linguistics, Idealized Cognitive Model Theory (ICM theory) admits the importance of subjective initiatives. The structure of concern, therefore, is no longer the structure of language forms but the conceptual structure behind forms.
According to ICM theory, this paper proposes that the diversity of cognitive models (CM) that change with time, space and people is responsible for the difficulty of translation; however, the representative nature of CMs points out where the breakthrough of translation can be made. By conducting a macro ICM analysis of the translation of three language systems of Hong Lou Meng and a micro analysis of the translation of the metaphor system of “Hong”, this paper has made two discoveries. First, any context, once conceptualized, can form an ICM whose CMs are highly selective, closely related and systematically structured; second, metaphor is the most typical case where the fundamental ICM exist with different CMs that are highlighted respectively to develop metaphorical/extended meanings. Eventually, this paper concludes that the accuracy of translation is primarily determined by whether the translator can catch the concept of ICM and then influenced by the efficiency of CM restoration. When the basic ICM is obtained, the more CMs the translation can restore, the more complete the ICM structure is, and thus the more accurate the translation is. This paper also sheds new light on “literal translation” and “free translation” from ICM theory.
This paper is a scientific application of the Idealized Cognitive Model Theory. On this theoretical basis, it proposes a different approach to the translation study of Hong Lou Meng. 

Key Words: Idealized Cognitive Model (ICM); Cognitive Model(CM) ; Hong Lou Meng; Language Structure

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