《嘉莉妹妹》中的自然主义观
《嘉莉妹妹》是由美国著名自然主义作家西奥多.德莱赛所创作。由左拉创作的自然主义这一创作理念力图事无巨细的描绘现实，给人一种实录生活和照相式的印象。这部小说是在20世纪初美国处于社会转型期的背景下创作的，小说深刻的反映了社会阴暗的一面，并且未对主人公的行为进行道德上的评判，s由此引起了许多评论家的批判 。同时，《嘉莉妹妹》是美国文学史上较为成熟的自然主义代表作，自出版以来，国内外学者从不同的角度研究这部小说。
这部著作中两个主人公的命运都受到环境和自身本能及欲望的影响，却拥有不同的命运。嘉丽由一个乡村女孩转变成舞台上的明星；而赫斯特伍德由身份显赫的酒店酒店沦为在街道上乞讨的流浪者。
本论文试图在他人研究的基础上探讨自然主义在这部小说中的体现，对比分析环境，人自身的本能和欲望三重因素是怎样影响嘉莉和赫斯特伍德的命运。
同时自然主义环境决定论认为人无力抗衡环境带给人的命运。这一观点否定了人的主观能动性，有一定的悲观色彩，因此本文也会用批判性的眼光讨论这一局限性。同时，由于我国现阶段也处于社会转型时期，在结论部分将简述本文的现实意义。
关键词：自然主义；环境； 欲望；本能；嘉莉
A Brief Analysis of Naturalism in Sister Carrie
Abstract: Sister Carrie was created by the famous American naturalist writer Theodore Dresser. The creative concept of naturalism that was put forward by Zola tried to depict reality and replicate a believable everyday reality, giving a memoir of life. This novel was written at the beginning of 20th century when the United States was undergoing social transition. What’s more, this novel revealed the dark side of society profoundly and Dreiser didn’t make any moral comment toward Carrie’s immoral behavior, thus causing many commentators’ criticism. Sister Carrie was a more mature naturalistic masterpiece in the history of American literature. Since its publication, scholars from home and abroad studied this book from different perspectives.
In this novel, both the destinies of hero and the heroine are dominated by environment, instinct and inner desire. But they have absolutely different fates. Carrie turns from a country girl to a famous star while Hursthood turns from a prominent bar manager to a poor beggar. Worse still, Hursthood commits suicide in desperate in the end.
This paper attempts to explore the naturalism reflected in this novel on the basic of former research result. And this paper will analyze naturalism from three aspects, that is, the environment, people's own instincts and desires which affect the fate of Carrie and Hurstwood.
In the meantime, naturalistic environmental determinism emphasizes that human beings can’t fight against the fate which is mainly determined by environment. This opinion is pessimistic which denies people’s initiative. As a result this article will also discuss this limitation with a critical eye. Since our society is in a period of social transition, this paper will also briefly discuss practical significance in the concluding part.
Keywords: naturalism; environment; desire; instinct; Carrie
*若需了解更多与协助请咨询↓→[电脑QQ][手机QQ]【数据协助】
