妥协与斗争----赫索格的自我救赎

索尔•贝娄是当代美国最有声望的作家之一。作为一名诺贝尔文学奖得主，贝娄的伟大之处在于他对现代人进退两难的处境的深入的洞察力和深入的描述。贝娄的作品尤其关注现代美国社会中的犹太人，探索他们的物质世界与精神世界，描述他们在这个荒诞世界中对物质和精神生活的追求与挣扎。《赫索格》就是一个经典的例子。《赫索格》折射出了纷乱的现代社会现象，阐述了处于现代社会中的人的多种问题，受到了国内外学者的广泛关注，并从心理学、犹太家庭观、意识流手法的运用、存在主义等多重角度被细致分析。
本选题旨在把赫索格个人的心理问题、生活遭遇与他的家庭背景、社会背景结合起来，研究主人公为何会与现代社会发生如此大的世界观、人生观和价值观的冲突，为何有时在别人眼中是个“不正常的人”；并研究主人公是如何在纷乱的社会现实中逐渐剖析自我，拯救自我，获得重生的，探索其自我探索、自我救赎的心路历程,暗示我们人性终将取得胜利。本文主要分成三个章节。第一章节主要介绍了造成赫索格的悲剧的时代背景和社会问题，包括二战后美国社会意识形态消极的转变、20世纪60年代的社会意识形态及社会问题两个方面。第二章节从两个角度入手，分析了赫索格的苦闷与迷惘，一是身为犹太人的赫索格的传统观念与现代美国社会观念的冲突，二是现代社会中人道主义的危机。第三章节重点研究赫索格如何进行自我救赎，分析了赫索格自我分析、自我审视，逐渐摆脱心灵枷锁的过程。
贝娄的作品是世界文学遗产中的重要组成部分之一，他“对人类的理解和对当代文化的细腻分析”将成为我们认识人类和社会的重要参照，并将永远占有重要的文学地位。

关键词：时代背景；人道主义危机；苦闷与迷惘；自我救赎

 
Abstract
Saul Bellow is one of the most prestigious contemporary American writers. As the Nobel Prize winner with worldwide acclaim, Bellow's greatness lies in his insightful perception and depiction of the dilemmas of modem man, especially the physical and mental life of American Jews as well as their pursuit and struggling in this absurd world. Herzog is a typical case. It reflects complex phenomena in modern society and various problems of modern people in such a society. It has caused serious concern of scholars both domestically and abroad and has been carefully analyzed from many perspectives such as psychology, the Jewish family value, the use of stream of consciousness, existentialism and so on.
This thesis is aimed at combining Herzog’s mental problems and suffering with his family and social background so as to explore the reason why Herzog’s view of world, life and value furiously conflicts with modern society, and why he seems to be “abnormal” in others’ eye. This thesis also explores Herzog’s mental process of self-exploration and self-salvation, indicating that humanity can finally triumph. The body of this thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter One is a brief introduction to the era background of America in 1960s and some social problems which leads to Herzog’s tragedy, including changes in American ideology from The Second World War to the 1960s and the ideology and some social problems in the 1960s.Chapter Two analyzes Herzog’ anguish and bewilderment from two aspects of reasons: the conflicts between traditional Jewish outlooks and modern American outlooks; and the humanitarian crisis in modern society. Chapter Three emphasizes on the process of Herzog’s self-salvation, analyzing Herzog’s scrutiny of himself and his getting rid of interior shackles.
   Bellow’s works are an important part of world literary heritage. His “understanding of human and detailed analysis of contemporary culture” will be a crucial reference for us to recognize human and society and will occupy an important opposition for good in literature.

Key Words: Era Backgrounds; Humanitarian Crisis; Anguish and Bewilderment; Self-salvation

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