女性自我意识的觉醒——《安娜•卡列尼娜》与《玩偶之家》的比较研究

 一直以来,人类内心世界的发展是文学创作中备受关注的焦点。随着时代的进步，人们的视角逐渐转向女性隐秘的心理。而近现代社会文坛上涌现出的著作从某种程度上更能反映她们的真实处境。俄国著名小说家列夫•尼古拉耶维奇•托尔斯泰的《安娜•卡列尼娜》和挪威著名剧作家易卜生的《玩偶之家》皆是因为对女性前途的思考而在世界范围内掀起了研究女性主义的热潮。
本文试图从女性主义角度探析《安娜•卡列尼娜》和《玩偶之家》的对比中所反映的在自由主义思潮冲击下女性的困境,并力图思考困境中的女性出路问题。列夫•托尔斯泰和易卜生都对近现代西方的自由女性作了多方面的阐释，凸现出了追求个性解放的女性在当代西方社会中进退维谷的两难处境。较之后来易卜生则辛辣地指出问题所在，以娜拉的出走揭示影响女性出路的是当时的父权社会，只有冲破牢笼，并给予有力的反抗才能走出过去生活的阴影。
本论文以《安娜•卡列尼娜》和《玩偶之家》为文本，分析两部作品中所反映的自由女性的困境，以及从两位女主人公当时所处的以男权为中心的社会背景探究产生婚姻悲剧的原因，思考当时以及当下女性自我意识觉醒后该如何获得新生。同时从内外因角度深究这些因素是如何摧残女性的身心健康。通过对《安娜•卡列尼娜》与《玩偶之家》的比较研究，以期重新认识安娜眼中的幸福所带来的悲惨结局，重新思考娜拉出走后该何去何从的问题。

关键词：男权社会；婚姻悲剧；女性觉醒；
    Abstract
One’s inner world always has been the focus of literary works since many years. People gradually turn to research the concealing mind of female with the development of society. To a certain degree, literary works in the modern and contemporary times can reflect their true situation. Russian writer Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina and Norwegian playwright Ibsen’s A Doll’s House made people study feminism popular in the world for they thought about the female future.
This paper intends to explore women’s dilemma which is mirrored by the comparative study of Anna Karenina and A Doll’s House influenced by the trend of freedom and tries hard to search after the outlet of the free women to get out of the dilemma from the perspective of feminism. Both Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy and Ibsen made various expounding and presented women in modern and contemporary western society seeking selfdom liberation but in a dilemma. Compared with Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Ibsen pointed the problem out directly. Ibsen exposed the root of tragedy was the patriarchal society by Nora’s leaving. Only women break the barrier and fight against it firmly, can they get rid of the past life.
This paper analyses the free women’s dilemma which is refracted from Anna Karenina and A Doll’s House. And then the paper researches the backgrounds at that moment which was in a patriarchal society and studies the reasons of tragedy of marriage and thinks how to find a new way to live a better life after the awakening of feminism at the present time. At the same time, the paper explores how these elements destroy female health of body and mind profoundly from the internal and external factors. Through the comparative study Anna Karenina and A Doll’s House, the paper hopes to consider the sorry ending again resulting from happiness in Anna’s eye and rethink where should Nora go after she leaves the doll’s house.
 Key Words: patriarchal society; tragedy of marriage; the awakening of feminism;

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