电影改编和文本的冲突与融合——以《了不起的盖茨比》为例

弗朗西斯•斯科特•基•菲茨杰拉德是20世纪最伟大的美国现代长篇小说、短篇小说作家中的巨匠之一，是优秀的“编年史家”、“迷惘的一代”的代表作家，是美国“爵士时代”的杰出代言人并且他是一位多产的小说家。菲茨杰拉德的小说《了不起的盖茨比》发表于1925年，被公认为是作者最具有代表的作品，自问世以来一直受到国内外文学界的关注和热议，这部小说五次翻拍重述经典，其中2013 年澳大利亚著名导演巴兹•鲁尔曼打着“最忠于原著”的旗号，用豪华的明星阵容，3D特效以及强大的视听效果打造了一场前所未有的视觉盛宴。然而只要读者看过原著小说，都能够深切体会到电影和小说有很多不尽相同。本文作者详细阐述了电影改编和文本在叙事方式和视觉传递上的不同。
论文共分四章，第一章简要介绍了作家作品和2013版的小说电影改编，为本文分析奠定重要的背景知识。第二章通过文本和电影之间的对比，论述了两者在呈现方式，叙事方式，场景对话以及意象上的融合。第三章就主要讲述了两者之间的差异，分析了文本和电影之间在抒情手法，视听结合上的冲突，说明明了电影改编着实携带好莱坞大片的商业风格。第四章为文本主题方面，“美国梦”是文本的主题，论述电影和文本分别是如何陈述主题的，并且分析这两者在主题上的弥合。第五章为文章的总结部分，着重说明电影是无法完全重现小说的想象，叙述方式和视觉性。
本文作者基于对小说文本的细读和影片细赏，通过比较研究的方法，说明想要了解这部“最具匠心的美国小说”，最好的角色不是观众而是读者。
 
关键词: 菲茨杰拉德   《了不起的盖茨比》   2013同名电影改编   对比   美国梦
Conflict and Fuse of Film Adaptation and the Text                       —— With The Great Gatsby as Example

Abstract

Francis Scott Fitzgerald, one of the greatest giants in novel and short story, is hailed as the mouthpiece of the Jazz Age, a most representative author of “the Lost Generation”, and he is a productive writer. The Great Gatsby was published in the 1925, which is widely considered the most representative work. This novel had five remakes, in which famous Australia director Baz Luhrmann’s 3-D adaptation offered audience an unprecedented visual feast with an A-list cast. Actually, many obvious differences can be identified by a careful reading of the book and watching of the movie. Therefore, this thesis will dwell on the comparison between the two forms to demonstrate the idea that the real essence of a classic can not be fully expressed in film, but in its original text.
There are four chapters in this thesis. Chapter one presents a brief introduction to the author, novel and 2013 film version as background knowledge. In chapter two the writer aims at the comparison of the text and the film adaptation, indicating the fuse of presenting ways, narrative pattern, dialogue and symbolism between the text and the film adaptation. Chapter three is contrary to second part. It analyzes the conflict between the two at lyrical tactics and audio-visual combination. Chapter four is the subject aspect of this essay, explaining how original and adaptation version state the subject. Finally comes the conclusion in chapter five, in which the author finds lyrical approaches, imagination and visual expressions can not be transferred into film. Based on reading the novel in details and relishing in film the thesis conveys the idea that the best place to discover the world of Jay Gatsby is not in that flashy big parties of the film but on the pages of Fitzgerald’s novel, a mysterious and resistant text.

Key words: F. Scott. Fitzgerald,   The Great Gatsby,   2013 film adaptation,   Comparison, American Dream

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