《羊脂球》中的自然主义色彩

莫泊桑（Guy de Maupassant）是19世纪法国最杰出的批判现实主义作家之一，被誉为世界短篇小说巨匠。他勤奋地创作了一生。他擅长从平凡琐屑的事物中截取富有典型意义的片断，以小见大地概括出生活的真实。他的短篇小说构思别具匠心，情节变化多端，描写生动细致，刻画人情世态惟妙惟肖，令人读后回味无穷。《羊脂球》（Ball of Fat）就是他的最出色的代表作之一。小说描述了普法战争时期法国国内的状况。《羊脂球》是写被敌军占领的里昂城里十几位居民同乘一辆马车出逃的故事。一辆马车就是一个社会的缩影。作者通过乘客们出逃的不同原因，一路上的表现，特别是对羊脂球前后不同态度的变化，表现了他们不同的社会身份和性格特征。随着时代的发展，越来越多的人开始关注这部小说，已经有许多学者从不同的角度诠释这部作品例如人物塑造艺术，女性观等等方面。本文将在前人研究的基础上，结合自然与人的关系，从自然主义角度来重新解读这部作品，以期加深对这种文学创作方法的理解及应用，并从更深层次了解自然主义对其他文学作品的影响。

关键词：羊脂球；莫泊桑；自然主义
The Naturalistic Strains in Ball of Fat

Abstract: Guy de Maupassant is one of the most remarkable French writers of the critical realism in the nineteenth century, known as a world famous master of short stories. He dedicates all his life to creating new works. Maupassant is expert in intercepting typical and meaningful clips from ordinary trivial things and summarizing real life with small see big method. His short stories have the following traits: novel conception, various plot, vivid description and perfect depiction of human beings, which leave readers with an endless aftertaste. Among all of his works, Ball of Fat is the most outstanding piece. The fiction describes the situation of France during the Franco-Prussian war. Ball of Fat tells a story that happens in Lyon, a small town in France. The town is occupied by enemy so dozens of residents are going to escape using the same carriage. The carriage is an epitome of the whole society. The author represents different social status and characters of all the passengers by describing their different escaping reasons and their behaviors in the way especially the change of their attitudes towards “ball of fat”.
   With the development of the era, more and more people begin to pay close attention to Ball of Fat and some scholars have already studied on this novel from different perspectives, for instance, annotation art, concept of female and so on. Therefore my essay, based on the former researches, combines with the relation between nature and human. This paper will read the essence of Ball of Fat again from the view of naturalism expecting to deepen the understanding and application of the literary creation methods so that we can have a better understanding of the influences which naturalism has on the other literal works.

Keywords: Ball of Fat; Maupassant; Naturalism

*若需了解更多与协助请咨询↓→[电脑QQ][手机QQ]【数据协助】