《红字》中“A”的象征意义

象征是文学创作的一种艺术方法,它借助具体的形象来表现抽象的意义。纳撒尼尔•霍桑在其小说《红字》中对象征手法发挥的淋漓尽致。《红字》是十九世纪美国的著名作家纳撒尼尔•霍桑的代表作，发表于1850年。这部小说以两百多年前的殖民地时代的美洲为题材，主要揭露了17世纪资本主义发展时代美国社会典法的残酷、宗教的欺骗和道德的虚伪。该小说中红字“A”是贯穿全文的主线，也是最典型的象征，它的象征意义十分丰富并且随着故事情节的发展而发生变化。无论是对海丝特•白兰的从一开始象征“通奸”到“能干”、“令人钦佩”、“天使”以至后来的“女斗士”还是对亚瑟•丁梅斯代尔的“通奸”和“痛苦” 的象征，对罗杰•齐灵渥斯的“复仇”的象征还是小珠儿身上爱的象征都体现了这一点。本文从符号学角度，从海丝特•白兰、亚瑟•丁梅斯代尔、罗杰•齐灵渥斯和珠儿等各个主要人物以及其所产生的社会影响等各个不同的角度对《红字》中字母“A”的象征意义进行深入探讨分析，以便更好地了解霍桑与他的小说《红字》。

关键词：红字；字母A；象征意义
The Symbolic Significance of "A" in The Scarlet Letter

Abstract:Symbolism is a system of symbols and symbolic representations and is the practice of investing things with symbolic meaning. It is used frequently in the writing of literary works. The Scarlet Letter makes the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a famous writer of romanticism and is skillful at the using of symbolism in his writings. The Scarlet letter is also one of them. The Scarlet Letter, the masterpiece of the famous American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne, is published in 1850. In the novel the writer describes the social situation of the colonial America, and exposes the cruelty of law, the deception of religion and the hypocrisy of morality of America in seventeenth century.In The Scarlet letter, the most obvious use of symbolism is the red letter "A", and the symbolic significance of letter "A" is quite rich. Moreover, we can see that the symbolic meaning of letter "A" changes as the story develops from "adultery", "alone", "able", "admirable", "angel", to "amazon" and if we see it from other angles, we can find some other important meaning. As well, letter "A" has the function of the clue of the novel. This paper tries to analyse the symbolic significance of letter "A" from some different aspects such as from semiotics, from the major roles in the novel, from its social affection and so on, to know Hawthorne and understand his novel better.

Keywords: The Scarlet letter; Letter "A";Symbolic Significance

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