浅析《魔戒》中的“善恶之争”
《魔戒》这部风靡世界的魔幻小说，是由英国牛津大学的语言教授J.R.R托尔金所作。作品描述了一个庞大繁杂的世界，叫做中土。贯穿作品的主线是一部很简单的故事，就是为了维护中土世界的和平，对抗魔王索隆的黑暗统治，几个性格各异的人组成了一个小队踏上了漫漫得护戒之旅，经过重重危险和阻碍，最终销毁了魔戒，维护了中土的和平。
这部作品既有精灵，骑士，矮人，巫师，魔王等西方奇幻文学中的典型形象，也有着传统的“善恶之争”的一贯主题，并且在作品的最后，正义最终战胜邪恶。托尔金以宏观的视野探索人性的冲突与挣扎。这个旅程充满了善恶的对立和人性的试炼。《魔戒》中也体现了这种善恶对立的冲突思想。当人们受到魔戒诱惑时，有时是出于自己心中的恶念，有时却像是受到一种外在的邪恶力量的控制。这种对立和斗争，不仅存在与不同的角色阵营中，比如在这部作品中，魔王索隆和他所率领的兽人，还有中途叛变的灰袍巫师萨鲁曼代表了邪恶，贪婪和背叛，而作品的主角霍比特人弗拉多，人类，精灵和矮人后来组成的小队，背负着摧毁魔戒的任务，他们代表了正义，友情，忠诚，勇敢的形象。另外一方面，这部作品的善恶之争也体现了自身的一种善与恶的挣扎，影射了一种人性本身的自我矛盾和善于恶的斗争。在描述争夺魔戒的过程中，通过各种各样的善于恶的对立斗争，传达作者出自己对于“善恶”的观念的理解，以及以此传递对于当时时代的大环境下的思考。
作者托尔金通过《魔戒》表达的对于“善恶”的观点，一方面受到了传统的西方的奇幻文化的影响，另一方面，除了当时历史背景对作品的影响，还有就是人性本身所存在的光明与黑暗的一面。但是我们可以看出，在当时如此压抑纷乱的时代背景下，托尔金并不绝望。他相信正义终将战胜邪恶，在这黑暗的时代，他将善的信仰的火把交给了霍比特人。“在黑夜中，只要有一丝微火，就可以点燃光明。”那微弱却坚定的信仰之光，希望之光，支持我们度过漫漫的黑夜。
关键词：；善；恶；矛盾；人性；
War between Good and Evil----the Ethical View in the Lord of the Ring
Abstract: The fantastic novel The Lord of the Ring which is popular around the world is written by the linguistic professor J.R.R Tolkien who comes from University of Oxford. The work describes a huge and complex alien world, called the Middle Earth. The main plot which goes through the whole work is a very simple story, in order to safeguard the peace of the Middle-Earth and against the devil rule of Sauron, some people from different races with different character have formed a team to embark on a distance journey for guarding of the ring. After numerous dangers and obstacles, they maintain the peace of the Middle Earth and destroyed the evil ring finally.
This work both have the typical fantastic roles of wizard, knights, dwarves, and many other fantastic roles in Western fantastic literature, but also has the traditional view of "the good defeat the evil" which is always the theme in western fantastic novels. Tolkien tries to discover the struggles of the evil and good in humanity with a macro view. The journey is full of struggles between the good and evil and trails of humanities. The Lord of the Rings also reflects the conflicts. When people are tempted by the ring, sometimes the wicked idea comes from his deep mind, or they are forced by an external evil control. The confrontation and struggle, not only exists in the opposite side of the roles, as in this work, the devil led by Sauron and his Orcs, stands for evil, greed and betrayal, while the main character in the work as Hobbit, Human, Elves and Dwarves, who later form the team, saddled with the task of destroying the ring, they stand for the justice, friendship, loyal and brave. On the other hand, the struggle of this work also reflects a confrontation of humanity itself between the good and evil. Tolkien conveys his own ethical view through describing the procedure of the struggle between the good and evil.
On the one side, the ethical view about “good and evil” in The Lord of the Ring is influenced by traditional view of western fantastic culture, on the other side, is affected by the historical background and the essential bright and darkness in the humanity. But Tolkien trusts that the bright can defeat the darkness unswervingly. “in the darkness, as long as a slight flame, can light the fire.” The faint but steel bright of hope and brief will support us to go through the long darkness.
Key words: good; evil; confrontation; humanity
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