中国菜名中的文化因素和翻译策略
饮食文化是一个国家物质文明和精神文明的象征，中国饮食是中华文明的产物，其文明成熟度高于世界其它文明古国。中国菜作为世界三大系之一，不仅因为中国拥有历史悠久的饮食文化，而且由于国家幅员辽阔，各地菜肴烹饪制作的方式方法在一定程度上受自然条件、人们生活习惯、经济文化发展状况差异的影响，形成了不同的地方风味和特色。因此，自古以来，中国文化就以饮食为先导，担负了文化传播的使命。
随着中外交流的日益频繁，作为社会文化交流最直接部分的饮食文化首当其冲地成为外国友人了解和接触中国的前沿文化。在这种背景下，中式菜谱的英文翻译无疑在中外饮食文化交流中起到一种桥梁纽带作用，其英译质量的好坏将直接影响到中外文化交流的方方面面：无论是涉外宾馆饭店的管理人员，还是接待外宾的导游、服务人员掌握一定的餐饮菜谱翻译规律和技巧是非常必要的。然而，中西饮食文化的巨大差异，以及中餐独具的特色，使得中餐菜名的英译工作并不那么容易。中式菜名正确恰当的翻译建立在对菜名的正确认知上。同时，翻译作为一种跨文化交际活动，汉语素材的英译质量是直接影响到传播效果的重要一环。只有准确地将菜名翻译出去，才能更好地推动我国饮食文化的对外传播。
关键词：中国菜名;饮食文化;文化差异;菜名翻译;翻译原则; 翻译技巧
The Cultural Elements and Translation Strategy of Chinese Dish Names
Abstract：Chinese cuisine is famous for its long history and culture connotation. The names of Chinese dishes to some extent reflect the characteristics of Chinese cuisine culture. With the continual cultural exchange of China and the west, more and more foreigners have been interested in Chinese food and Chinese cuisine culture. In China, cuisine is not only an indispensible part of people’s daily life, but also a fancy and distinctive art and culture. Long before this country opened to the west, Chinese food had been seen as a unique culture delivery to the outside world. China has a highly developed cuisine culture, and the dish names reflect that cultural connotation very well. Usually there are two ways of naming a Chinese dish: direct way and indirect way. The direct naming way is mainly for the home cooking, and this kind of dish is usually easy to cook. Translation is a kind of dual recognition activity as well as a cross cultural activity. A successful and meaningful translation of the names of Chinese dishes can help with delivering and spreading the art and culture of Chinese cuisine. However, since there are various kinds of Chinese dishes, and there is a huge cultural gap between the Chinese and western cuisine, it is very hard to deliver the meanings in the dish names properly.
This paper will discuss the cultural connotation of Chinese cuisine and the Chinese dish names, compare the differences between Chinese and western cuisine cultures, and then analyze the corresponding translation skills relating to dish name translation on the basis of culture and language, thus finding a unified way of translating and expressing the cultural elements in Chinese dish names. Also, there may be other appropriate ways of translating different kinds of dish names. Further researches and studies are needed, especially on those dish names carrying cultural messages.
Key Words： Chinese Dish Names; Cuisine Culture; Translation Theory; Translation Principles; Cultural Differences
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