外来文化冲击下本地文化的出路

由于全球化经济和媒体的迅猛发展，世界正变为一个“地球村”。现今的全球化已成为一种不可阻挡的全球趋势，外来文化对本地文化的冲击也是不可避免。1969年，席勒指出西方发达国家凭借文化霸权会对发展中国家文化产生负面影响。20世纪90年代，汤姆林森否定了席勒的文化帝国主义理论，认为全球化会破坏文化的观点过于夸张，并提出了全球化理论，提出在处理文化问题上，人具有主观能动性。后人对待不同文化观点甚多，也进行了很多研究。但是就目前中国而言，由全球化引起的一系列文化入侵现象仍未受到足够重视。本地文化在应对外来文化过程中所持有的态度仍有待进一步研究。
为了让被“洋文化”困扰的国人体会到外来文化对中华民族文化的负面影响，认识到重拾传统文化及保留文化特性的必要，笔者在本文中通过列举中国历史上出现的文化入侵现象，简单描述了三种社会现状，联系国内外现存研究结果及国家政策等，研究中国对外来文化影响应持有的态度和发展本国文化应采取的措施。最后由中国文化自身出现的问题加以拓展，提出加深理解全球化对文化的影响和本地文化，吸收外来文化精髓，发扬传统文化，进行本地文化创新等是外来文化冲击下本地文化的最终出路；在公众高度关注下、政府政策管制下，完善本地的文化事业和教育系统是预防外来文化侵袭的具体措施。

关键词：文化入侵；全球化；传统文化；文化特性
The Outlet of Local Culture in Face of Foreign Culture Impact

Abstract: Due to the rapid development of global economy and media, the world is becoming a global village. In modern time, globalization is an overwhelming world trend and foreign culture impact on local culture is inevitable. As for the influence of foreign culture, Herbert I. Schiller pointed out that western developed countries had negative effect on developing countries by means of cultural hegemony. On the contrary, J. Tomlinson denied the cultural imperialism theories and considered the view that cultures might be undermined in the context of globalization overstated. In the meanwhile he proposed global theories which presented that people have subjective initiative in dealing with cultural issues. Later scholars carried on quite a few similar surveys and put forward different views. However as for current China, phenomena of cultural invasion caused by globalization haven’t got enough public concern. Attitudes towards foreign cultures need to be researched further.
In order to let domestic people who have been puzzled by foreign cultures realize foreign cultural negative effects on Chinese national culture and the requirements to promote traditional culture and keep cultural identity, historical examples of cultural invasion and three main social phenomena have been listed in this paper. Related with the results of domestic and overseas study and national policies, author is aiming at discuss the attitudes that should be held towards foreign culture and measures that should be adopted to develop Chinese culture. Finally, the outlet of local culture in face of foreign cultures has been carried out: we should deepen the understanding of local culture and the influence of globalization on culture, absorb the quintessence of foreign culture, develop and innovate in local culture. The specific measures to prevent cultural invasion are improving local cultural undertakings and education system with the help of public policy and public concern.

Keywords: cultural invasion; globalization; traditional culture; cultural identity

*若需了解更多与协助请咨询↓→[电脑QQ][手机QQ]【数据协助】