以中国传统家庭观阐释“失独”现象
“失独者”作为一个新兴社会热点名词，意指50岁以上因各种原因失去独生子女的中老年人。自2000年后，“失独者”数量的剧增以及所造成的社会问题已形成特殊的“失独”现象。在中国，“失独”现象的出现及其所造成的问题是各种因素综合作用的结果，通过分析发现，“失独”现象背后是传统家庭观念的崩塌，传统家庭养老模式的终结。“失独”使大部分“失独者”在经济上陷入窘境，精神上失去支柱，生活上出现许多问题。最后，以中国传统家庭观阐释“失独”问题从文化角度提出了应对“失独”现象的新对策——建立新型家庭观以及养老模式，以帮助人们以积极的态度应对“失独”问题。本文从“失独”现象入手，简单介绍“失独”现象所带来的社会问题，并对传统家庭观进行了问卷调查，以调查结果为重点，归纳整理，以其对“失独”现象进行了综合分析，最后简单地提出了解决之策。
关键词：“失独”现象；中国传统家庭观；孝文化；养老模式
Abstract: “Shi Du Zhe”, defined as the elderly who lost their only children in the family, has attracted more and more attention from the society. Since the entry into the 21st century, the number of “Shi Du Zhe” has rocketed, and thus a special social phenomenon named as “Shidu” phenomenon appears, which brings the society various problems. Compared with the “Shidu” phenomenon in western countries, it is the traditional Chinese family concept that plays an important role in the Chinese family system. Traditionally, children are seen as a necessary part of a whole family and Chinese parents show more love and care for their children, especially when they have the only one. Once the elderly lose their only children, their traditional Chinese family concept which deeply roots in their mind begins to collapse and makes them suffer deep pains and grief. In addition, “Shidu” also means the end of the traditional family aging support. It requires us to explore new aging support modes which can adjust itself to development of the modern society. In a family losing the only child, the left parents can hardly survive without financing assistance or spiritual support. So establishing a new concept on family has been an urgent task for all social members in case of “Shi Du” issue. On the one hand, children should be carefully nurtured and brought up; on the other hand, parents should put more attention to themselves instead of merely focusing on the only child in the family. This paper focuses on analysis of “Shidu” phenomenon with the concept which is concluded through surveys and comprehensive analysis of the survey results. After scientific and insight research and analysis, some feasible approaches to addressing this issue has been put forward, such as financial aid, daily life care, spiritual support and establishing a new family concept.
Keywords: “Shi Du” Phenomenon; Traditional Chinese Family Concept; Aging Support Modes
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