中国和希腊神话的文化意蕴比较：以宙斯和玉皇大帝为例
神话是古代神与英雄人物的故事传说。受不同的地理环境的影响，不同的民族都拥有它们各自独特的神话故事。而拥有久远历史的中国神话与希腊神话堪称是东西方神话的典型代表了。此外，神话作为一种文化形式，反映出原始先民人类初期对于当时社会的一种认识形态和想象，是文化的本源基础。这也意味着神话间的差异可以看作是民族文化的差异。因此，本文通过比较中国和希腊神话两者之间的不同来反映中西文化之间的差异。而宙斯和玉皇大帝作为两种神话中的主要人物代表，他们之间的差异也可以很好的以小见大反映中希神话这个大方面的总体特征差异。拿宙斯与玉皇大帝的事例、形象作对比可以直接反映出中希神话的表层差异，包括神权来源的差异，权限大小的不同，神话人物性格与处世态度的区别等。而后，再由浅入深，探析两者间的差异背后所隐藏的精神文化上的区别，包括利己与利人、尚武与崇德、理性与现实等差别。最后文章分析到中国的求和崇威精神与西方民主与批判精神间的本质区别。
关键词：中国神话；希腊神话；宙斯；玉皇大帝；和谐；民主
Abstract: As we all know, myth is the story about gods and ancient heroes of deification. Different nations have their own unique mythologies, which are influenced by the local environments. The Chinese and Greek mythologies which have a long history are the representatives of the Eastern and Western mythologies. Myth reflects the thoughts of the original people, so it can be regarded as one kind of culture. Thus, through comparing the difference between the Chinese myth and Greek mythology, we can see the difference between the Chinese and Greek cultures. In addition, Zeus and Jade Emperor are the representatives of the two myths. When we compare them, we can see the differences, including the sources of their power, the extents of their power, and their attitudes towards the private lives and so on. From the shallower to the deeper, by comparing them, we can see the spiritual and cultural differences. Jade Emperor can reflect that he puts the morality, the spirit of devotion in the first place. Zeus pays attention to the power, reality and self-interest. Then we can see the differences of the whole myth, one is pursuing the harmonious and obeying the authority and the other one is showing democracy and criticism. So this essay mainly uses the way of comparison to introduce the contents.
Keywords: Chinese Mythology; Greek Mythology; Zeus; Jade Emperor; harmony; democracy
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