中国越剧中的莎士比亚—从《李尔王》到《五女拜寿》
莎士比亚是人文主义先驱，而莎士比亚戏剧是世界文化遗产中最贴近大众生活的宝贵资源之一。“中国化”是西方戏剧改编成中国戏曲的一种重要手段。本文研究莎剧的戏曲化并追溯越剧“中国化”改编的历史。
本文立足于“中国化”的改编，研究中西剧作者对同一伦理命题理解的文化偏移现象。采用文献研究法对比研究《李尔王》和《五女拜寿》两部剧本，探讨在不同文化背景下对于剧作者对孝的理解，孝顺女儿见不同的表现与结局。其次通过文献研究法对人性最平凡表现“孝”进行研究，以此说明戏剧在“中国化”改编时应该要把握双方的文化差异和人民的接受程度。通过研究这两个剧本，作者将剖析同一个故事有着两种不同表达原因。作者从时代背景，生活环境，宗教信仰的等方面的不同，对导致了故事表达差异性进行总结。尽管西方戏剧和中国戏曲面临着很大的危机，结构形式上存在着很大的差异，但是内在有很多联系，为“中国化”改编可能性提供了土壤。笔者相信通过改编可以使中西方戏剧进行交流，相互借鉴，取长避短。
关键词：莎士比亚戏剧；越剧；剧本改编；中国化；文化偏移
Abstract Shakespeare is a pioneer in humanism, while the Shakespearean plays are one of the precious resources those are close to the public life among the world cultural heritage.‘Sinofication’ is a significant approach for adapting the western drama into the Chinese operas. It should data back to the history of ‘Sinicized’ adaptation in the Yue operas.
Established in the ‘Sinicized’ adaption, this paper what mainly about the cultural deviation in the comprehension of the same ethical proposition between the Chinese and western librettists.Through the comparative study on the two dramas King Lear and Five Daughters Offering Felicitation with literature research method, different comprehensions about the filial piety, different expressions and different endings of the filial children in different cultural contexts have been explored. Secondly, the most common expression of humanity, namely the filial piety has been studied to illustrate that the cultural difference and people’s acceptance degree should be grasped in time of ‘Sinicized’ adaption of dramas.The reason for two different expressions of the same story has been analyzed by studying on the two plays. The differences in the historical background, living environment and religious belief all lead to the distinctions in the expression of story. In the end, it has pointed out that adaptation shouldadjust measures to local conditions, and the role of the ‘Sinicized’ adaption played in operas has been illustrated with cross-culture study. Although the western drama and Chinese operas are confronted by big crisis and great difference in the structural forms, there are many internal connections, which provide soil for the possibility of ‘Sinicized’ adaptation. The author believes that the Chinese operas and western dramas can communicate, refer to each other, enhance advantage and avoid disadvantage through adaptation.
Keywords: Shakespeare’s plays; Yue Opera ; Screenplay Adaptation; sinicize; deviation
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