基于知识型员工需求特征的非货币激励探析

知识经济时代，知识成为了企业间竞争的第一要素，也成为了企业塑造核心竞争力的重要资源。而知识的创造、利用和增值，最终都依靠知识的载体——知识型员工来实现，知识型员工在企业中越来越受到重视，他们成为了企业资源的核心部分。因此，如何有效地调动知识型员工的工作积极性，挖掘他们的潜能，提高他们对企业的忠诚度，促使他们更好地为企业作贡献，就成为了当今企业面临的重要问题。现阶段各企业对知识型员工的激励较局限于货币性激励，本文则就基于知识型员工的需求特征的非货币激励作一浅显探析。
本文首先通过对国内外众多学者对知识型员工激励的研究结果进行一番对比分析，归纳出知识型员工的特点、需求特征和各种非货币激励因素。进而基于前面分析得出的知识型员工的需求特征，探讨了针对他们采取的非货币激励的内容、策略、实施前提、原则和作用。最后，根据研究结果对现代企业的知识型员工非货币激励提出对策性建议。
知识型员工是一个有着明显的特殊需求的群体，在物质更加丰富、价值观更加多元化的今天，对他们的激励如果仅停留在货币性激励上是远远不够的。企业应该重视知识型员工的多样性和高层次需求，有针对性地实施非货币激励措施，以满足他们对个人成长和发展、工作自主、工作成就和优化工作环境的追求。

关键词：知识型员工，需求特征，非货币激励
Abstract
In the era of knowledge economy, knowledge has become the primary element among enterprises competition, and also become an important resource to shape the core competitiveness of enterprises. As we knew, knowledge creation, use and value-added rely on a carrier of knowledge --knowledge workers, so the enterprises increase emphasis on them. It becomes an important issue facing today’s businesses, how to effectively mobilize the worked enthusiasm of knowledge workers, how to tap their potential, and how to retain them to work for the enterprises. Nowadays, enterprises motivate their knowledge workers by monetary incentives, rather than non- monetary incentives. This article discusses the non-monetary incentives given to the needs of employees.
At first, we did some comparative analysis of the findings of many scholars at home and abroad on the knowledge worker incentives, and incentives factors of knowledge workers. Then we explored the contents, strategy, the implementation of the premise, principles and role of the non-monetary incentives. A last we table the proposals for non-monetary incentives of the modern enterprise knowledge workers based on the results. Enterprises should pay more attention to the knowledge workers’ diversity and high-level needs, enforce the non-monetary incentives to meet their pursuit of personal growth and development, job autonomy, work achievements and to optimize the working environment.

Key words: Knowledge Worker, Need Characteristic, Non-monetary incentives

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