接受美学角度下奥巴马演讲词的译文对比翻译研究——以《人民日报》与《华尔街日报》汉译本为例

世界上的名人演说，在关键时刻起了不可估量的作用。它不仅能鼓舞人们的斗志和激发人们的热情，还能深深地打动人的内心。这些成效的获得离不开优秀的演讲词。总统的就职演讲词不仅向世界展现了总统个人的形象，同时展现了总统领导下的政府及整个美国的形象。因此演讲词被许多人作为研究对象，美国总统奥巴马的就职演说就是其中的典范。接受美学理论是由康斯坦茨大学的学者汉斯·罗伯特·姚斯和沃尔夫冈·伊瑟尔在1967年提出的。作为 20 世纪最有影响力的文艺理论之一，其核心是以读者为中心，而又包括读者的期待视野、文本的召唤结构、视野融合等理论。接受美学中这些重要的理论与我们当代翻译理念有许多相通之处，所以，笔者在接受美学视角下研究奥巴马演讲词的译文，使得读者更好地了解演讲词的意义。
本文结合接受美学理论，以奥巴马就职演说为案例，运用了接受美学的三个主要概念：读者中心论，读者的期待视野，文本的召唤结构，对《人民日报》和《华尔街日报》的译文进行赏析。本篇论文由五部分构成。第一部分是引言部分，简单地说明了本研究的目的，意义以及研究内容。第二部分首先对接受美学进行简要介绍，然后着重分析接受美学的三个重要概念：读者中心论，读者的期待视野，文本的召唤结构。在第三部分中，一是对演讲的概念及其特征进行介绍，二是对演讲词的翻译原则进行简要分析。第四部分探讨接受美学理论在演讲词翻译中的应用，以2009年和2013年奥巴马就职演讲的《人民日报》和《华尔街日报》的译文为例，从读者中心论，读者的期待视野，文本的召唤结构进行研究，探讨契合读者期望的译文。第五部分是结语，总结在接受美学理论下对奥巴马演讲词译文的研究成果，以及不足之处。
在本篇论文中，笔者在接受美学的视角下，剖析了奥巴马演讲词的《人民日报》和《华尔街日报》的译文。笔者发现《人民日报》的译文更加符合中国读者的期待视野。接受美学理论给翻译研究提供了一个新的视角，使得译者在一定的程度上更好地剖析原文，呈现给读者更优秀的译文。

    关键词：接受美学；演讲词；读者中心论；期待视野；召唤结构
  Comparative Study of the Translation of Obama’s Speech from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics
—Take the Versions of People’s Daily and Wall Street Journal as Examples
 
    Abstract: The famous speech in the world plays an important role in the critical moment. It can not only encourage people’s morale and inspire people’s enthusiasm, but also deeply affect people. These effects cannot be achieved without the excellent speech. The inaugural address of the president shows not only the image of the president to the world, but also the image of the government and the image of the whole country under the leadership of the president. Therefore, the presidents’ speeches are regarded as a research object by many people. The inaugural address of American president Barack Obama is a model. The reception aesthetics theory was put forward in 1967 by Hans Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser, the scholars in the Konstanz University. As one of the most influential literary and art theories in the 20th century, its core is reader-centered theory, and it also contains the horizon expectation of readers, the appealing structure of text, and fusion of horizon and so on. These important concepts in reception aesthetics have many similarities with our contemporary translation ideas. Therefore, the author studies the translation of Obama’s speech from the perspective of reception aesthetics theory in order to achieve the purpose of delivering better translation to readers.
    In this paper, under the guidance of the theory of reception aesthetics, the author tries to take Obama’s inaugural address as examples and compares the translations of the People’s Daily and the Wall Street Journal. This paper is composed of five parts. The first part is the introduction, which explains the purpose, significance and content of this study. The second part briefly introduces the reception aesthetics, and analyzes emphatically three important concepts of reception aesthetics: reader-centered theory, reader’s horizon of expectation, and the appealing structure of the text. The third part introduces the concept of speech and its characteristics and analyzes the principles of the speech translation. The fourth part discusses the application of reception aesthetics in speech translation from three concepts: reader-centered theory, reader’s horizon of expectation, and the appealing structure of the text. The author also takes the translation of the People’s Daily and the Wall Street Journal of Obama’s speech in 2009 and 2013 as examples to explore the translation that meets the reader’s expectation. The fifth part is the conclusion. It summarizes research results and the inadequacies.
In this thesis, the author analyzes the translation of Obama’s speech of People’s Daily and the Wall Street Journal from the perspective of reception aesthetics. The author finds that the translation of People’s Daily more accords with the horizon of Chinese readers’ expectations. The reception aesthetics provides a new perspective for translation studies, which makes the translator analyze the original text better and present readers excellent translation.   

Key words: Reception Aesthetics; Speech; Reader-centered Theory; Horizon of Expectation; Appealing Structure

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