商务英语信函词汇特征的分析

商务英语作为一种特殊用途的英语，广泛应用于商务场合。商务英语强调商务沟通的能力，其目的是用最准确、清晰的商务语言来达到与同事、老板和客户之间最有效的交流。
商务英语信函作为其中重要的一部分，具有其独特的词汇特征。文章以商务信函为研究对象，对商务英语信函词汇进行了比较全面的对比分析。随着时代的发展，商务英语信函的词汇特征也会发生变化。本文分析了以前研究的商务英语信函的词汇特征：（1）缩略词汇的应用；（2）同义词的应用；（3）礼貌的表达；（4）贸易术语的应用；（5）法律词汇的应用；（6）普通词汇的转义；（7）古体词的应用。然后，分析并总结了现代商务英语信函的词汇特征：（1）具体词汇的应用；（2）积极和礼貌词汇的应用；（3）简洁词汇的应用；（4）简单或常用词汇的应用；（5）准确词汇的应用。
本文首先介绍商务英语信函，然后用商务英语的写作原则、合作原则和礼貌原则的基本理论对信函的词汇特征进行分析，通过对比分析前后商务英语词汇的使用的不同，从而得出使用现代商务英语信函的词汇优势及意义。最后，指出了商务英语信函需要注意的问题，以形成比较全面的认识，促进对这一问题的深入思考。

关键词：  商务英语；  词汇特征；  合作原则；  礼貌原则

 
Abstract

Business English is a kind of English for special purpose, which is widely used in business occasions. It emphasizes the competence of business communication. The aim is to apply the most accurate and clear business language to finish the most effective communication with colleague, boss and clients.
English business correspondence is a very important part of business English, which has its distinctive lexical features. The former lexical features of English business correspondence includes: (1) Abbreviations and simplified forms; (2) Synonyms; (3) Polite expressions; (4) Technical terms; (5) Simple and legal words; (6) Meaning changes of common words; (7) Archaic words. The present lexical features are made by comparison: (1) Preference of concrete words to abstract words; (2) High frequency of positive and polite words; (3) Choice of concise words; (4) Application of simple or common words; (5) Application of correct and accurate words.
Firstly, the English business correspondence is introduced. Second, the basic writing principles for business letters, and the Cooperative Principle and the Politeness Principle are used to analyze. It is found that the differences between the former lexical features and present lexical features by comparison. Last, it is concluded that the advantages of the present lexical features. At the same time, some problems are mentioned to be paid attention to. So that it has a comprehensive understanding of the lexical features of English business correspondence, thus helps to promote deep consideration．

Key Words:  business English； lexical features；Cooperative Principle；  Politeness Principle 

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