中国妇女缠足与西方女性束腰的共性

Chinese culture is based on the theory of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism standard. Confucian ethics emphasizes the father-son and couple hierarchical system, depending on three cardinal guides and five constant virtues as specified in the Confucian ethical code. Wrapping all over women, can constrain their body and foot step, rein back their temperament. The main reason of male like foot binding women is the patriarchal traditional ideology and social model. Western culture originated in the more than two thousand years ago the Greek and Roman art, philosophy, political as well as Christian moral and legal traditions. In Europe, the Bible is the ethical guidelines in people’s lives, transcendence of religious faith and rational spirit self moral restraint; its ideology penetrated into every aspect of people’s social life, which will undoubtedly closely and waist combine. The wind of tight lacing from the second half of the 13th century, flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries, the period of Queen Victoria’s power, this stunning S-shaped gourd body a specimen of a Victorian lady.
The cultural roots of the social background of the two phenomena: foot binding and tight lacing, as well as the aesthetic ideas that foot binding and tight lacing derived with their specific historical conditions is analyzed, thus revealing the similarities and differences of both Eastern and Western cultural traditions. The pursuit of beauty is not the patent of the ancient Chinese people. Ancient and modern alike, seem to highlight the beauty of a woman’s body.
 
Key words: foot binding; tight lacing; relationship; culture

摘要

    中国的文化基础是儒家、道教、佛教的理论标准。儒家伦理强调君臣父子夫妇的纲常等级秩序，视三纲五常为不可违背的伦理规范。中国几千年的封建社会，是男性主宰的社会，缠足本是宗法制度男性中心社会对妇女禁欲的要求，对妇女千裹万缠，是认为可以拘束其身、禁乱步、敛性情。男性之所以喜欢小脚女性，最主要的原因是男尊女卑的传统观念和社会模式。西方文化起源于两千多年前的希腊和罗马的艺术、哲学、政体以及基督教的道德和法律传统。在欧洲《圣经》被视为人们生活中所遵循的道德伦理准则。它以超越性的宗教信仰和理性精神来产生自我的道德约束，其思想渗透到人们社会生活的方方面面，对于女子的要求这无疑都和束腰紧密结合起来。束腰之风从13世纪下半叶开始，到17、18世纪达到繁盛，在维多利亚女王的掌权时期，这种令人迷醉的S型葫芦身材成为维多利亚时代淑女的标本。
本文从缠足和束腰两种现象所产生的社会背景文化根源以及审美观念等方面加以分析比较，得出缠足和束腰是在特定历史条件下而产生的，属于东、西方两个不同世界的审美体系，从而揭示出东西方两种文化传统的相似和区别。毁形伤身追求美丽并不是古代中国人的专利。古今中外皆然，似乎都在凸现一种女子的体态美。乍一看来东方的缠足和西方的束腰，风马牛不相及。但事物是普遍联系而非孤立存在的，尤其当缠足和束腰同作为一种特定历史条件下“美”的象征时，其中更有千丝万缕的联系。我们可以从两者的对比中找到中西方文化的异同。

关键词: 缠足; 束腰; 联系；文化异同

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