英汉文化差异下的颜色词对比

The colors in the nature are rich and various, they are closely related to human beings, and we are dealing with the colors all the time. There are countless kinds of colors in the world, and they are not only have their own unique physical attributes, but a distinct reflection in the language. The realization of colors is one of the basic cognitive areas. Although different languages have their own color terms to express the color, they also have many colors in common, such as the basic color words, black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, etc. However, because of the different geographic conditions, national customs, histories, politics, economy and psychology, they are in the different expression during the translating from one language to another. They all have their own cultural characters. This requires different methods during the process of translation.
There are plenty of color words in both Chinese and English, but their connotations are quite different. This thesis discusses the different implications and applications of color words between English and Chinese in politics; religion, economy, military events and social life by means of contrast. Different semantic meanings of Chinese and English color words lead to the different comprehensions to their metaphoric meanings. There are many differences in the use of colors and color words as well as in the understanding and mastering the same color for reasons of different language habits, thinking styles, social systems, traditional customs, geographical surroundings, national psychology and other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to know and study the differences so that we can improve our language ability and make the intercultural communications successfully. This thesis is going to do a contrastive study on the common used color terms of Chinese and English. It mainly analyzes the characteristics of color words and the distinctions of color terms between Chinese and English from the aspect of cultural connotation. Later, because the differences exist in two languages, this thesis is to· discuss the color words from the perspective of translation methods, aiming at confirming the suitable translating method and accurately transmitting information, which is also beneficial to the cultural exchange and can help to enrich cultures on both sides.

key words: basic color words; cultural background; study from different cultures

 
摘要

自然界中的颜色丰富多彩，颜色与人类的生活息息相关，我们无时无刻不在与颜色打交道。大千世界的颜色种类无穷无尽，有各自的独特物理属性，在语言中也有鲜明的体现。对颜色的认知，是人类最基本的认知范畴之一。人类对颜色的认知，是有很明显的共同之处的。反映在语言上，就是虽然各种语言表达颜色的词汇数量差别较大，但是表达颜色的基本词汇，如黑、白、红、黄、绿、蓝等，在很多语言中都是相通的，是非常一致的。不过，由于各民族文化风俗，地理位置，历史传统，宗教信仰，民族心理，思维习惯等方面的差异，颜色词语有时有表现出各民族独特的‘个性’，带有显著的文化烙印。这就使得颜色词语的理解，可以采用不同的方法。
丰富多彩的颜色词的中文及英文的内涵有很多不同之处。本文讨论了不同的颜色词含义和其英汉差异在政治，宗教，经济，军事活动和社会生活下的对比;汉语和英语颜色词的不同语义导致不同其比喻的含义。由于思维方式、社会制度、传统习俗、地理环境，民族心理和其他因素的不同，对颜色词在理解的语言习惯和掌握运用方面不同，因此，有必要了解和研究这些差异，使我们能够改善我们的语言能力，从而让跨文化传播收获更大的成功。这篇论文将以英汉两种语言中一些常见颜色词汇进行对比研究，从英汉两种颜色词的特征以及在文化方面英文基本颜色词的异同作了对比分析，随后，由于英汉民族不同的文化心理和审美情趣，本篇论文将从文化对比角度对中英文颜色词进行探讨，以期达到在跨文化交际中更好的把握和运用英汉颜色词的目的。

关键词：基本颜色词对比; 英汉文化差异; 跨文化研究

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