从弗洛伊德人格结构理论解读《木马赢家》中保罗人物形象

戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯，20世纪英国作家，是英国文学中最重要的人物之一，也是最具争议性的作家之一。其主要成就包括诗歌、小说、戏剧、散文、书信和游记。劳伦斯的作品过多地描写了色情，受到过猛烈的抨击和批评。但他在作品中力求探索人的灵魂深处细腻的情感，并灵活运用感人的艺术描写。因此，从他生前直到迄今为止，他的作品一直被世界文坛所重视。《木马赢家》作为劳伦斯的代表短篇小说，这部小说从侧面反映了当时社会中金钱对和谐社会人际关系的扭曲，同时也反映了人类社会的普遍困境。另外，这一时期也是弗洛伊德思想产生影响的开始阶段，而早就对性爱的意念有独特理解的劳伦斯本人，自然对弗洛伊德的学说一点即通。他所塑造出的许多男女之间的关系，在一定程度上和弗洛伊德学派的结构模式不谋而合。不过，他在反对压制性爱的斗争中只能算弗洛伊德学派的同盟者，而不是真正的弗洛伊德追随者。因为他坚持的带有神秘主义色彩的性爱的观点。基于这个背景，笔者在本文的研究中基于弗洛伊德的人格结构理论，分析以及解读了小说中保罗的人物形象，并且本文从本我、自我以及超我等三个方面进行了详细的解读。从而希望通过本文的研究能够为后期的相关探讨提供一定的参考以及借鉴。

关键词：弗洛伊德；人格结构理论；《木马赢家》；保罗

  The Interpretation of Paul’s character in The Rocking —Horse Winner from Freud's Theory of Personality Structure

Abstract

David Herbert Lawrence, a British writer of the 20th Century, is one of the most important persons in English literature, and he is one of the most controversial writers in the world. His main achievements include poetry, fiction, drama, prose, letters and notes. Because Laurence's works have too much pornography, he suffered violent attacks and criticism. But he tries his best to describe human’s soul and emotion that were exquisite.  He is adept in using affected artistic description in his works. Therefore, his work has been paid much attention to by many famous writers in the world till now. As Laurence's representative short story­The Rocking Horse Winner.It reflects money in the society that twists relationship among the people, and at the same time, it also performances the common plight in the society. Additionally, Freud’s thought began to come into effect in this period. Laurence himself has unique understanding about sex when he was young. As a result, it is very easy for him to understand Freud's theory. The relationship between many men and women he created in his works reflects the structural mode of Freud school in a certain extent. However, he can only be Freud school’s allies in the struggle against repressive sex, rather than the real followers of Freud. Because he insisted the point of sex that has the color of mysteriousness.Based on this background, the author adopts Freud's theory of personality structure in this paper, and analysis the Paul's character image of the short story from three aspects of id, ego and superego.The author carried out a detailed interpretation. So I hope that through this study it can provide some reference for relevant discussion later.

Key words: Freud; theory of personality structure; The Rocking Horse Winner; Paul

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