中美教师培养、选拔制度比较

当今社会，国际竞争日益激烈，对人才的要求也是日趋迫切，科学技术的发展，科技人才的培养，对一个国家发展有着重要的影响。因此，人才资源的开发，成了发展经济的一个核心问题，而“人才开发”最重要的途径是教育，其中学校教育是主要力量。学校的教学质量受到多方面因素影响,但最重要的因素是教师的素质与其教学质量的高低。因此教师培养、选拔制度是现代学校师资建设的重要环节，如何培养和选拔教师，现代学校师资建设的重要问题就是保证教师队伍的质量。国家在发展学校教育的同时需要培养选拔优秀的教师。经济、教育的全球化浪潮对教师培养选拔制度也提出了诸多新要求，如教师职业专业化，教师终身教育体系化等，这对各国教师培养选拔制度的建立都提出了严峻的挑战。本研究是以教师培养、选拔制度为研究对象，通过文献法、历史研究法、比较分析法系统的比较了中美两国教师培养选拔制度的异同点，分别从中美两国的教师管理制度、教师职前教育、教师在职培训、教师资格制度等方面做了详细的对照和分析。

关键词：教师培养选拔制度；中美教师培养选拔制度； 比较研究

Teachers' training and selecting system of China and the United States

Abstract：  In today's society, the increasingly fierce international competition, the demand for talent is becoming increasingly urgent, science and technology development, science and technology personnel training, the development of a country has an important impact. Therefore, the development of talent resources, has become a core issue of the development of the economy, and the "talent development" is the most important way of education, which is the main force of school education. The quality of teaching in schools is affected by many factors, but the most important factor is the quality of teachers and the quality of teaching. Therefore, teacher training, selection system is an important part of modern school teachers, how to train and select teachers, the important problem of modern school teachers is to ensure the quality of teachers. Countries in the development of school education at the same time the need to train and select excellent teachers. Globalization of economy and education of teachers training selection system also put forward many new requirements, such as the professionalization of teachers, lifelong education system for teachers and so on, which to all teachers culture establishment of selection system put forward the severe challenge. This study is to teacher training and selection system as the research object, through the literature method, historical research method, comparative analysis,  comprehensive analysis system of the comparison between the Chinese and American teachers raises the similarities and differences of the selection system, respectively from China and the United States to the teacher management system, teachers' pre service education, teachers on-the-job training, the teacher qualification system do a detailed comparison and analysis.

Key words:Teachers' training and selecting system; Teachers' training and selecting system of China and the United States;Ｃomparative study

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