从女性主义分析《无名的裘德》中淑的悲剧命运

作为维多利亚时期的现实主义作家，托马斯·哈代批判了19世纪那些制约人发展生存的社会约束。在他最后一本小说《无名的裘德》中，哈代关注维多利亚时期大多数妇女的悲剧命运。淑·布莱德赫就是一个典型的例子。淑就像一只小鸟被关在由维多利亚时期的伦理和父权制打造的笼子里。本文从女性主义角度分析了淑的命运。第一部分简要介绍了作者和文献综述。在第二部分，淑意识到了父权制的限制阻碍了她追求自由，所以她拼命反抗宗教婚姻的枷锁并且女性主义思想逐渐在她脑海中形成。在第三部分，淑遇到了困惑因为父权制的统治不允许女性主义思想的发展壮大。所以她在反抗中折断了翅膀。第四部分揭示了淑女性主义思想的萌芽被父权制掐断了。她放弃了追求自由并且自愿回到了牢笼并且她成为了维多利时期伦理道德的有一个牺牲品。哈代不仅仅是同情广大女性的人，更是发现女性主义思想萌芽的作家。但是他知道这样的思想无法在维多利亚时期发展长大，并且由于哈代本身的历史局限性，他无法为那些女性指出一条新的，正确的通往光明未来的道路。
关键词:  托马斯·哈代，淑·布莱德赫，女性主义思想，父权制
Tragedy of a Caged Bird --- A Feminist Approach to Sue’s Tragic Fate in Jude the Obscure
Abstract
     As a Victorian realist writer, Thomas Hardy criticizes certain social constraints which hindered the lives of those living in the 19th century. In his last novel Jude the Obscure, Thomas Hardy paid attention to the tragic fate of most women in the Victorian age. Sue Bridehead was a typical example of these women. Sue was like a little bird kept in captivity in the cage formed by the Victorian morality and patriarchy. This paper analyses the fate of Sue from a feminist approach. The first part is a brief introduction of the writer and literature review. In the second part, Sue was conscious of the fact that the restraint of patriarchy hindered her pursuit of freedom，so she tried her best to break from the shackles of religious marriage and feminist thoughts formed gradually in her mind. In the third part, Sue met with confusions because the patriarchy could not allow feminist thoughts to develop in the Victorian age. And she broke her wings in the struggle. The forth part shows that the budding of Sue’s feminist thoughts was nipped off by the patriarchy. She gave up her pursuit of freedom and she returned to the cage and became another sacrifice of the Victorian morality. Hardy was not only the writer who showed sympathy for most women in his period, but also the one who found the enlightenment of feminist thoughts. However, he knew that feminist thoughts had no chance to become stronger in the Victorian age and he could not guide these poor women a new and correct way to a bright future because of his own historical limitations.
Key words:  Thomas Hardy, Sue Bridehead, feminist thoughts, patriarchy

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