跨文化交际中的语用失误

     随着经济全球化脚步的加快，跨文化交际成为世界各国关注的焦点话题。跨文化交际中，语言使用和文化的不同以及语用能力的欠缺与失误都会导致交际失败。语用失误则是众多引起交际失败的重要原因之一，也是当前跨文化交际中频繁出现的问题。语用失误的研究已成为当前语用学和跨文化交际领域的重要研究课题。英国语言学家詹尼·托马斯在1983年发表的“跨文化语用失误”一文中首次提出语用失误这一概念，对跨文化语用失误的研究具有开创性。
本文将对跨文化交际中的语用失误产生以及分类进行分析，提出避免语用失误的策略，使跨文化交流更加顺畅。只有了解语用失误，懂得不同文化间的差异，加强文化意识的培养，这样我们才能在跨文化交际中顺利的进行交流互动。
本文共由6章节构成。第一章对本文论述内容进行简要阐述。第二章主要介绍本文中出现的专业术语，比如说文化，语用学，语用失误，跨文化交际等，同时也简单的介绍本文的写作背景及写作意图。第三章主要分析了跨文化交际中的两大语用失误：语用语言失误和社交语用失误，并以日常生活中例子进行分析。
第四章阐述了导致语用失误的几大因素并在第五章提出了三条增强交际能力避免语用失误的策略。第六章是对整篇论文的小结。

关键词：跨文化交际;  语用失误;  策略
 

ABSTRACT

Following the continuous acceleration of the globalizing economy, cross-cultural communication becomes the focus topic all over the world. Language use, different culture, the lack of pragmatic competence and pragmatic failure often occur in cross-cultural communication, which lead to communication failure. Pragmatic failure is one of the most important elements contribute to the failure of communication, also is a frequent problem in cross-culture communication. Pragmatic failure has become an important research project in pragmatics and cross-culture communication. Jenny Thomas first proposed the concept of pragmatic failure in her paper Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure in 1983, which have a creativity effects on the study of pragmatic failure.
This thesis attempts to make an analysis of the sources and classifications of pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication, puts forward three strategies to avoid it, in order to make cross-cultural communication more smoothly. Only by learning pragmatic failure, understanding cultural differences and strengthening cultural awareness can we make a successful cross-cultural communication.
There are six chapters in this thesis. The first chapter of this paper will do a briefly state of this study. The second chapter introduces some basic definitions of the terminologies in this study, such as culture, pragmatics, pragmatics failure, cross-cultural communication and so on. It also briefly introduces the intention and background of this study. The third chapter analysis two types of pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication: pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure, with some examples in daily life. The forth chapter expounds some factors which lead to the pragmatic failure. And in the fifth chapter I put forward three strategies to develop communicative competence in order to avoid pragmatic failure. Finally, it shows us a conclusion that summarize the whole study.

Key words：cross- cultural communication  pragmatic failure  strategies

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