对理雅各和辜鸿铭英译《论语》中“道”的翻译的对比研究：基于功能主义理论的角度

Confucianism has profoundly influenced Chinese politics, economy, education, social ideas and ethics and other aspects of culture for more than two thousand years. And the dissemination of Confucianism to the western countries in the past three hundred years shows the popularity of Chinese culture. The Analects of Confucius, recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, is one of the most significant masterpieces of Chinese classics.
This thesis focuses on the two English versions respectively by Scottish missionary and sinologist James Legge and Chinese literati and the speaker of Chinese culture Ku Hung-ming. The main focus of this thesis is the culturally specific term “Dao”, which plays an important part in the translation of the Analects of Confucius. For the translations of culturally loaded terms, there are two translation strategies, “foreignization” and “domestication”.
This thesis probes into the translations of “Dao” respectively by Legge and Ku, and studies how their different translation purposes influence the translations of “Dao”. The skopos theory, as the core of the German functionalist theory, serves to justify the choice of translation strategies. By doing so, it hopes to contribute to further studies in the translation of Chinese classics.

Key words: The Analects of Confucius; James Legge; Ku Hung-ming; German functionalist approaches; Dao
中文摘要

两千多年以来，儒家文化一直对中国的政治、经济、教育、社会思想和道德规范以及文化的各个层面产生着深远的影响。近三百年来，儒家文化在西方国家的盛行再次证明了中国文化的源远流长和博大精深，其受欢迎程度可见一斑。记录着我国伟大的思想家及教育家孔子及其弟子言行的《论语》一书，是中国古典文学作品中的重要著作之一，更是中华文化的瑰宝，因此其翻译是中外文化交流的重要内容。
本论文选取著名苏格兰汉学家理雅各以及中国清朝末年民国初期文坛怪杰和中国文化的代言人辜鸿铭翻译的两部极具代表性的《论语》的英译本，着重分析在其中占较大比例且含特定文化色彩的重要词汇“道”的翻译。通常对于含特定文化色彩的词汇的翻译有两种翻译策略：归化或者异化。
根据德国功能主义翻译理论中最重要的理论—目的论，翻译目的决定翻译行为及翻译策略。本论文旨在通过对理雅各和辜鸿铭的《论语》英译本中对“道”的翻译，探索其各自不同的翻译目的，及其翻译目的是如何影响“道”的翻译的。本论文将从文化的角度通过对比研究的方法进行探索分析，希望借此论文的研究能为日后中国古典文学的翻译研究提供参考，并对古籍翻译的研究有所促进。

关键词：论语；理雅各；辜鸿铭；德国功能主义理论；道

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