汉英翻译中的主语选择

In translation practice, Chinese-English translation is often more elusive than English-Chinese translation. Chinese is a rather complicated language compared with any other language in the world. As such, the choices of subjects in Chinese-English translation are quite difficult. Once the subject of one sentence is identified, it is not difficult to find out other components of the sentence, and then it’s much simpler to translate. This paper will provide a brief analysis of the choices of subjects in Chinese-English translation based on certain translation practice, translation strategies as well as some translation theories and also from the perspective on English and Chinese differences. Firstly, this paper will touch upon the obvious distinctions between Chinese and English. Secondly, this paper will point out common problems when we render Chinese into English. Thirdly, this paper will put forward specific translation strategies to cope with the choices of subjects in Chinese-English translation according to various linguistic circumstances. Those strategies are summarized and can be found in some translation examples. With meticulous comparison and contrast, it can be concluded that we should select subjects flexibly with certain strategies in order to make our translation clear and logical.
 
Key words: Chinese-English translation; selection of subjects; differences between Chinese and English

 
摘  要
翻译实践中，往往汉译英比英译汉更让人捉摸不定。汉语是较为复杂的一门语言，因此汉英翻译中主语的选择颇有难度，一旦确立了主语继而就能顺藤摸瓜找到句子的其他成分，再进行翻译就简单得多了。本选题将就翻译实践、翻译技巧及一些翻译理论方面并从英汉语言差异的角度，对汉英翻译中主语的确定做一个浅要的分析。首先，本文将谈及汉英语言主语以及汉英文化、思维方式、语言习惯的差异。第二，本文将指出汉译英时常见的问题。第三，本文将针对不同的语言情形根据经验选取相应的翻译策略以处理汉英翻译中的主语选择问题。这些策略均经过总结并且能在翻译典例中可以找到他们的迹象。通过这些翻译典例的详细对比和比较，我们可以得出结论，我们应该在汉译英实践中灵活地选择主语，以使我们的翻译清晰且富有逻辑。

 
关键词：汉英翻译；主语选择；汉英差异

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