浅析瓦尔登湖的生态思想
As an American transcendental writer, Henry David Thoreau was the forerunner of the contemporary environmentalist movement. In his masterpiece Walden, he recorded his own life in Walden for more than two years, writing down his feelings about nature and his respect for life in his work. Thoreau encourages contemporary people who are ravished by luxury to live a simple life and to respect nature, warning them not to seek for the ecological development at the expense of nature. Someday, humans will be doomed to pay for what they have done, while in the age of materialism, simple and natural life is impossible to realize.
This paper attempts to systematically analyze the ecological thoughts in Walden, so as to expound the relationship between human and nature advocated in the text, and awaken people’s ecological consciousness. This article is divided into five chapters. The first chapter summarizes the research background, research purpose and its significance, briefly explains the framework structure of the paper, and introduces the research results and comments on Walden Lake at home and abroad. Then, it expounds the outline of the plot of Walden, mainly introduces his experience and mental journey in Walden. The second chapter analyzes Thoreau’s view of nature, including the fact that human beings are above nature and the price paid by people after trampling on nature. The third chapter explains the relationship between man and nature. Man and nature are inseparable, and no one will override anyone. The forth chapter introduces the difference between the luxury life and the simple life pursued by the chase. Then it is explained how Thoreau practiced in the Walden Lake to find a natural dwelling, return to nature, and achieve the harmonious unity between man and nature. The fifth chapter introduces people as part of nature, and should respect nature and respect nature. And the influence of Thoreau’s thoughts on contemporary people. At the end of this paper, it summarizes the full text and summarizes the main points of this paper.
Key words: Walden; man; nature; ecological criticism
摘 要
美国著名作家，亨利·戴维·梭罗是当代环保主义运动的先驱。他撰写了《瓦尔登湖》这一著名佳作，他在书中记录了自己两年多的生活，写下了他对自然的感受以及对工作和对生活的尊重。梭罗鼓励当代人追求简单的生活，尊重自然，警告他们不要以牺牲自然为代价来谋求生态经济的发展。 否则，终有一天，人类将注定要付出他们所做的一切付出代价。然而在唯物主义时代，人们不太可能过简单且自然的生活。
本文试图系统地分析瓦尔登湖的生态思想，从而阐释文本中提倡的人与自然的关系，唤醒人们的生态意识。本文分为五章。第一章总结了研究背景，研究目的及意义，简要介绍了论文的框架结构，以及国内外对华登湖的研究成果和评论。然后，它阐述了瓦尔登情节的轮廓，主要介绍了他在瓦尔登湖的经历和心理旅程。第二章分析了梭罗的自然观，包括人类超越自然的事实以及人们践踏自然后所付出的代价。第三章解释了人与自然的关系。人与自然是不可分割的，任何人都无法超越任何人。第四章介绍了奢侈生活与追逐追求的简单生活之间的区别。然后解释梭罗如何在瓦尔登湖中练习寻找自然居所，回归自然，实现人与自然的和谐统一。第五章将人作为自然的一部分，应尊重自然，尊重自然。以及梭罗思想对当代人的影响。最后，总结全文再次强调本文的要点。
关键词:《瓦尔登湖》；人与自然；生态批评
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