论威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯的“地方主义”诗学

威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯是二十世纪美国诗人中最有特色、最卓越的诗人之一。自从六十年代以来，越来越多的美国诗人尊奉他的诗学主张。他明确反对“欧洲中心”诗学传统，号召美国诗人抛弃英国和欧洲的诗歌创作传统，尝试诗歌主题、题材、语言和技巧方面的革新。他立足美国本土进行革新，创造了很多与现代主义迥然不同的诗歌作品。鉴于今天本土主义与全球化之争不绝于耳，故有必要从“地方主义”的角度来研究他的诗作与诗学。本文从杜威的实用主义经验论出发，阐述了威廉斯的“地方主义”诗学，认为这是他自觉的文化选择，是对以艾略特为代表的学院派的反拨。威廉斯坚持地方主义的姿态，对于当前的本土主义与全球化之争也不无启示。

关键词：威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯；杜威；实用主义经验论；地方
主义
Abstract

William Carlos Williams is one of the most outstanding American poets. Since the 1960’s, more and more American poets followed his poetic principles. He is explicitly against the European poetic tradition and calls for abandoning the English and European tradition in American poetry. He makes innovation in theme, subject matter, language, and techniques. He makes innovation in poetics based on the Americanism and has composed many poems that are widely different from modernist poetry. In view of the dispute between localism and globalization today, therefore, it is necessary for us to study his poetry and poetics from the perspective of “localism”. Based on the theory of pragmatism experience of Dewey, this thesis is intended to elaborate the “localism” of Williams’s poetry. It is his consciously cultural choice and the backwash of Academy School represented by Eliot. Williams adhered to the localism, which brings enlightening to the fierce struggle between localism and nationalism.

Key words: William Carlos Williams; Dewey; Theory of Pragmatism Experience; Localism

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